Themes of tess of D uberville

Themes of tess of  D uberville

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 Tessof the D'Urbervilles -Thomashardy
2. Themes of the “Tess of the D'Urbervilles” Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) Born:2 June 1840 Stinsford, Dorset, England Died:11 January 1928 (aged 87) Dorchester, Dorset, England Resting place:Stinsford parish church (heart) Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey (ashes) Occupation:Novelist, poet, and Short Story writer Alma mater:King's College London Literary movement:Naturalism, Victorian literature Notable works:Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Far from the Madding Crowd, Collected Poems Jude the Obscure Spouse:Emma Lavinia Gifford (1874–1912) Florence Dugdale (1914–28) JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
3. THEMES • FATE AND FREEWILL: The cruel hand of fate hangs over all the characters and actions of the novel, as Tess Durbeyfield's story is basically defined by the bad things that happen to her. Hardy presents a world in which circumstances beyond the control of Tess determine her destiny. Luck, chance, coincidence, and environmental forces continually work against Tess to entangle her in one casualty after another. Her social status, her accident with the horse, her row with Car Darch, the forest encounter with Alec and the resulting pregnancy, the death of her father, the eviction of her family, and so on all weave her into a web from which there is no escape. The narrator calls attention to this theme in Chapter 11 after Alec rapes–or seduces–Tess. JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
4. THEMES • MALE PREDOMINANCE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT In the 19th Century, males dominated society and expected females to do their order. Tess’s resistance to the advances of Alec succeed for a time, but he eventually entraps her after continually harassing her. Although Angel loves Tess and marries her, he abandons her shortly after their wedding when he discovers what happened between her and Alec. It does not matter to him that he himself had an affair before he was married. Men may stray with impunity, he believes. Women may not. After Tess’s father, John Durbeyfield dies, his wife and children are evicted. It was he who was privileged to hold the lease to their property, not his wife. JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
5. THEMES • MODERNISM: Shortly after Tess becomes a mother she leaves her home to labor in the fields as part of the villager community that must bring in the communal grain for the winter. In the middle of this golden bucolic scene, Hardy places a bright red reaping- machine. These mechanic intruders enable the field workers to get much more work done in a shorter period of time. The work is done quickly, the workers must travel about from farm to farm trying to eke out a living, and onward then in time to cities like London and Manchester to work in factories as cogs in the machines of the Industrial Revolution. Hardy called this the “ache of modernism,” which separated man from Nature. JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
6. THEMES • KNOWLEDGE VERSUS IGNORANCE: Tess and Angel struggle with their parent's unwillingness to accept change and progress and, therefore , this causes a lot of friction between them. Tess, who has had formal schooling, is not only in possession of a greater intellect than her mother, but also has a much better sense of right and wrong. Angel is different, because, with the exception of himself, he is in a family of scholars. Angel has common sense, and is able to see that for all his family's "real" education, they are not always wise in their choices. Both Angel and Tess see their parent's as choosing to be ignorant, or at the very least, unwilling to move with the times, and their relationships suffer for it. JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
7. THEMES • PREJUDICE: This theme manifests itself in Chapter 2 when Angel Clare asks his brothers to attend the country May dance with him. Felix replies, “Dancing in public with a troop of country hoydens– suppose we should be seen!” In Chapter 40, Mercy Chant exhibits an anti-Catholic bias after she hears that Angel is going abroad. JABIR M.K ROLL NO:47 jabirdarussalam@gmail.com
8. THEMES • THE LURE OF MONEY: In the novel, Alec d'Urberville uses money to attempt to win Tess. He succeeds. Here is the scenario: After John Durbeyfield dies and his family is evicted, Alec offers to house the Durbeyfields if Tess will yield to him. Tess–ever concerned about the welfare of her family–accepts his proposition.

0,, NATURALISM PHILOSOPHY,

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According to naturalism philosophy, nature is ultimate reality, without nature there is no another reality; the whole universe is governed by laws of nature and also nature is only divine power and evey thing can be expline in the term of nature or every thing can be expline in physical phenomena.
According to naturalism everything is depended on the nature and nature is originator of everything, and whole are followers of this nature, because it has divine power and human is product of nature and continues with it.
And the imagination of man is also hidden scheme of nature, whole things come from nature and retern to nature.
Nature is supreme and there is nathing universal ideas and existence of spiritualism despite nature.

Nature is concerned the normal and only find answer of all philosophical problems, and every answer can be find in the natura, and nature expline everything.
Universe is huge machine and man is also part of this machine and complete machine is himself also.
But interesting things is that  there is no differents between man and animal but only degree, man is higher animal, it mean due to this degree man is called higher animal.
Waman is only machine she produces just child.

According to social phenomena of this philosophy , every child borns free but he chines  in  everywhere, due to society, culture, tradition and religion .
In the view of this philosophy, society is meant for the individual and individual is not for society.
There is no absolute good and evil in the universe value of life , are created by the human needs.
In the biological phenomena , we can see the perspective of naturalism is all things originated from matter and all are ultimate to be reduce to matter , and the matter is nature. Mind is brain functioning and brain is matter , imagination, thinking, reasoning etc are the functions of brain.

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Come to the historical background of philosophy , Hippocrates and thales are profound of this philosophy.
Hippocrates was the philosopher of English literature and thales was philosopher of physical  science he was also a astronomer and predicted the seclips.

It is the period of 337 B.C at the timing of ignorant of Greek people where everything was limited from church and there was no given any right of people to speak or ask question about statues were followed by power people.

Thales was started question to people with out fear and afraid who started to find the reality and who initiated to observe everything one by one on the surface of the earth and also the animals  those are surviving in ocean however he observed and concentrated all living things  and perceived that everything is depended to  water and also affiliated to water , therefore whole the things are originated from water such earth , plants , trees animals eve who reached to soul of  human .
And he said that ultimate reality is water , and water is nature hence whole reality is nature.

After the death of thales ,there was no any person to continue and  work on or improve this philosophy furthermore untill thirteen  thousands years , after that at 1760 J J Rousseau was started to search on naturalism instead, Rousseau is also called father of naturalism who focused centre and freedom of expression of child, he said that let's child to free what he / she wants to do what is his or her interests , therefore he empathized to respects of child freedom. He also said that curriculum should be according to child centre.