RAPE OF THE LOCK text line 445 onwards in urdu/hindi

Dr. Faustus as a Tragic Hero

Dr. Faustus as a Tragic Hero

Dr. Faustus the protagonist of Christopher Marlowe's great tragedy can be considered as a tragic hero similar to the other tragic characters such as Oedipus or Hamlet. Dr. Faustus who sells his soul to Lucifer in exchange of twenty four years of knowledge ought to have some special features in order to be considered as a tragic hero. But first of all let me present Aristotle's definition of a "Tragic hero" and then I will elaborate on each element in relation to the tragedy of "Dr. Faustus".

According to Aristotle, "the tragic hero evokes both our pity and terror because he is neither good nor thoroughly bad but a mixture of both; this tragic effect will be stronger if the hero is better than we are. Such a hero suffers from a change of happiness to misery because of his mistaken choice which is led by his hamarcia (error of judgment). The tragic hero stands against his fate or the gods to demonstrate his power of free will. He wants to be the master of his own fate. He decides to make decisions but mostly the decision making would lead to weakness or his own downfall."

Now according to Aristotle's definition of a "tragic hero" it is time to elaborate on the clues in details in order to conclude that Dr. Faustus can also be a tragic hero according to following reasons:

Firstly because Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero evokes our pity. We feel some form of connection with him because he has a sense of realism. Dr. Faustus makes mistakes which can be also all human condition. He wants to gain more knowledge that is also another part of human condition to learn and understand more. We sympathize with Dr. Faustus because his feelings are similar to other human beings at the end we really want him to repent in order to change his fate radically. We sympathize with him at the end of the drama when it is time for a farewell to his soul. Although he has done many faults but we really want God not to be so fierce towards a human being. He desires:

O soul, be changed to little water drops

And fall into the ocean. Ne're be found.

My God, my God, look not so fierce on me!

( Act V, Scene ii: lines 180-182)

Secondly because Dr. Faustus is a well-known and prosperous character, so the reader notices to his reputation as a well-respected scholar inevitably. In Act I, Scene i ; he calls for his servants and students in his speech about various fields of scholar ship which suggests him to be a prosperous intellectual.

Philosophy is odious and obscure,
Both law and physic are for petty wits,

Divinity is basest of the three,

Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible, and vile;
'Tis magic, magic that hath ravished me.

( Act I, Scene i: lines 107-111 )

His reputation as a scholar has been mentioned both in the beginning and at the end. It is one of the clues to present Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero so that the readers would be able to sympathize with him throughout the whole drama. In the closing lines the scholars put emphasis on this aspect more when they lament about their respectful professor's death.

Yet for he was a scholar once admired

For wondrous knowledge in our German schools,

We'll give his mangled limbs due burial;

And all the students, clothed in mourning black,

Shall wait upon his heavy funeral.

(Act V, Scene iii: Lines 14-19)

Thirdly because Dr. Faustus' mistaken choice, exchange of his soul to Lucifer, results in his downfall. His agreement with the devil blinds him in choosing between right and wrong. In the opening speech, in Act I, Faustus tells that he is skillful in different sciences but he wants to know more.

FAUSTUS. How am I glutted with conceit of this!
Shall I make spirits fetch me what I please,
Resolve me of all ambiguities,
Perform what desperate enterprise I will?
I'll have them fly to India for gold,
Ransack the ocean for orient pearl,
And search all corners of the new-found world
For pleasant fruits and princely delicates;
I'll have them read me strange philosophy,
And tell the secrets of all foreign kings;
I'll have them wall all Germany with brass,
And make swift Rhine circle fair Witttenberg;
I'll have them fill the public schools with silk,
Wherewith the students shall be bravely clad;
I'll levy soldiers with the coin they bring,
And chase the Prince of Parma from our land,
And reign sole king of all the provinces;
Yea, stranger engines for the brunt of war,
Than was the fiery keel at Antwerp-bridge,
I'll make my servile spirits to invent.

( Act I, scene i: lines 79-98 )

Actually the desire for learning is part of human nature but he chooses the wrong way without some sense of guilt. His hasty desire for power and honor did not allow him to repent. He was so confused that he couldn't decide on following the ways of God or the path of Lucifer.

Fourthly because Dr. Faustus wanted to support his own plot to make his own decision. This aspect of his character was as a result of the Renaissance period, unlike the medieval period, the dominance of fate upon human life became as a matter of ignorance. It was time for secular matters. Therefore, the dominance of science shadowed upon individuals thought . Dr. Faustus wanted to take destiny in his own hands to demonstrate the power of free will against fate. A case in point is when he passionately demanded Mephistophilis to:

Go, bear these tidings to great Lucifer:
Seeing Faustus hath incurred eternal death
By desperate thoughts against Jove's deity,
Say, he surrenders up to him his soul,
So he will spare him four and twenty years,
Letting him live in all voluptuousness;
Having thee ever to attend on me,
To give me whatsoever I shall ask,
To tell me whatsoever I demand,
To slay mine enemies, and to aid my friends,
And always be obedient to my will.
Go, and return to mighty Lucifer,
And meet me in my study at midnight,
And then resolve me of thy master's mind.

( Act I, Scene iii: lines 91-104 )

He did not want to be a puppet dancing to the strings of destiny, despite the fact that tragedy functions paradoxical towards human destiny.

Hence according to the aspects which I elaborated on, I can describe Dr. Faustus as a tragic hero. Although he devoted himself completely to Lucifer, never choosing right and making a tragedy out of his own downfall, but I found the drama as an optimistic and didactic one. I believe that Marlowe wanted to teach Christian faith besides a chance for salvation. Marlowe uses the tragic irony of Dr. Faustus as his ultimate intention to illustrate the downfall of a tragic hero.

👉🏻How do we Analyse a poem?

👉🏻How do we Analyse a poem?

👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻👉🏻
TO BEGIN. Read the poem all the way through at least twice. ...
LITERAL MEANING AND THEME. Before you can understand the poem as a whole, you have to start with an understanding of the individual words. ...
TITLE. ...
TONE. ...
STRUCTURE. ...
SOUND AND RHYTHM. ...
LANGUAGE AND IMAGERY.

👉🏻👉🏻How to analyse text....
In writing about literature or any specific text, you will strengthen your discussion if you offer specific passages from the text as evidence. Rather than simply dropping in quotations and expecting their significance and relevance to your argument to be self-evident, you need to provide sufficient analysis of the passage. Remember that your over-riding goal of analysis writing is to demonstrate some new understanding of the text.
How to analyze a text?
Read or reread the text with specific questions in mind.
Marshal basic ideas, events and names. Depending on the complexity of book, this requires additional review of the text.
Think through your personal reaction to the book: identification, enjoyment, significance, application.
Identify and consider most important ideas (importance will depend on context of class, assignment, study guide).
Return to the text to locate specific evidence and passages related to the major ideas.
Use your knowledge following the principles of analyzing a passage described below: test, essay, research, presentation, discussion, enjoyment.
Principles of analyzing a passage
Offer a thesis or topic sentence indicating a basic observation or assertion about the text or passage.
Offer a context for the passage without offering too much summary.
Cite the passage (using correct format).
Then follow the passage with some combination of the following elements:
Discuss what happens in the passage and why it is significant to the work as a whole.
Consider what is said, particularly subtleties of the imagery and the ideas expressed.
Assess how it is said, considering how the word choice, the ordering of ideas, sentence structure, etc., contribute to the meaning of the passage.
Explain what it means, tying your analysis of the passage back to the significance of the text as a whole.
Repeat the process of context, quotation and analysis with additional support for your thesis or topic sentence.

Mrs bennet

[1/8, 10:42 PM] pu ms ayesha: Jane Austen was pre eminently a realist nd procured her characters sketching truthfully n realistically... Her approach towards the minute n minor characters was mere a need...major concern was to be focused on country gentry n tgeir domestic involvement.. She omitted servents, labourers, n even aristocracy some times.. She took in to consideration "Lady Catherine "to depict her arrogance, hautiness, obscenities.... Her art of characterisation seemed static pertaining to on set then it developed wid time
[1/8, 10:54 PM] pu ms ayesha: Here are sumptuous n worth mentioning features n peculiarities of her art of characterisation
1...variety of characters.... In spite of limited range to choose from she has procured a variety of characters (their is huge difference b/w vulgarity of Mrs. Bennet n vulgarity of Mrs. Jennings..
Macaulay compares her to Shakespeare coz of creating variety of characters
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 2 =.universalism of individual characters ....
Great artist always make their way to create characters having universal image as Mr. Bennet represents cynical fathers who shirk their moral responsibilities n Mrs. Bennet universal in fatuous ladies who exibit vulgarity n stupidity
Elizabeth is universal in charm n wit even in pride n prejudice... Wickham is vicar of pleasant looking but avarice n flirt
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 3...she represented her characters dramatically....through their demeanour, actions n speech they reflected their nature n intentions before the writer had commented on them
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 4...she represented her characters through compare n contrast...
Her finest trait to weave the royal robe of novel. Where she compares Mrs. Bennet b Lady Catherine in vulgarity n ostentatiousness
Darcy with Wickham while Bingley is foil to him
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 5...her sympathetic n realistic tone  for her female protagonist seems to be her own reflection but its preposterous to assume it that Jane really went through all incidents what Elizabeth suffered
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 6.... Being realist she was strongly loathed idealism
So her world of realism was never disturbd by elopement, romanticism or dejection.... As Elizabeth was an epitome of charm, wit n sagcity yet she proned to pride n prejudice
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 7....her quality of delineating complex characters was due to great insight of chart n r
Psychology of mind... She represented characters in an explicit manner, not an implicit one
[1/9, 12:20 AM] pu ms ayesha: 8...she was prone to delineate female charcters excellently rather than male characters her female characters seemed to be more lifelike n striving as compared to male characters which declared her as feminist as well .

Jane Austin as a moralist. Some points

Jane austens moralism in her writings or in any case related to morality in prid & prejudice
Out line....
First the intro about moralism
& then pursue the remaining portion of the question
Definition  of moralism
Principle of judgement of  things , good or bad , concernd with mannerism a little
Particular system of values & principles of conduct , the extent to which an action is right or wrong
So here in this Novel of Austen v find so many examples , but when v read the novel v find that austen is not preaching the moralism but making the readers to ponder and gradually build the true image of what v call morality
Lets take a look on this novel
There r many a places where v find vived examples of moralism for instance the first encounter of Darcy & Elizabeth which is not a pleasnt 1 that acctually builds a base in the mind of heroin that darcy is not a good person ,he is highly arrogant
Yup that is true he acctually is arrogant but jane austenz main purpose is not to raise the question of an individual , but she deals with the concern oof a society, the prosperity of a society
In society it is not allowed to intermingle with people of lower rank
As mr bingley said to Jane that his social circule would not allow him to marry a girl of petty belongings
From very first meeting of both the protagonists v find elizbeth'z prejudice being rooted in her mind which gradually develops and this is a shortcoming of a charectr & darcy'z pride that was his shortcoming so first half of the novel contrive of development of both the chrectersbut till the conclusion v find they overcome these deficiencies
So this is the Craftiness of authoress that how initially she grows the things which mostly moralistic people abohr
First elements of abhorrences & then kind of catharsis by bringing them to light that they were wrong in judgement
So many examples r there of moral
Bingley who is being guided by Darcy , cant take his own decision it looks bad and against manners he must take his decision on his own, then the superficial awkward kind of pride in lady Catherine,
The bingley sisters
The vulgarity of mrs Bennet
Carelessness of mr bennet
Collins , a clergyman but deprived of ethics , he is like a fool relates the everydayz events as they were beneficial to religion
The worst of all george Wickham & lydia
Done an act of embarrassment by eloping
But she depicted them so  beautifully that a commen reader likes the good acts and despise the bad acts
In fact the act of elopement has not cost the individuals but to society
So by binding them into wedlock presented as a compensation
& depicted in such a way that every reader feel tjat such things should have been done
.....
Its like stories v read diffrent stories and in the end v write morals
I cant explain it bettr then this😜
There r few other things elaboration would reqiur tons of timr
Stdy of characters major minor would be important
Tjat acctually explains almost every thing
"Jane Austen as a moralist"

Jane Austen belonged to Eighteen century literary world of morality nd pursued this very purpose ...yet she didn't endorse n patronize the direct preaching of moral conduct....here v have to define morality as pronouncement which contains advice abt proper behaviour n gives us theory concerning fundamentals of rightness, wrongness, evil n good of society
Then here is a fact that she was not an avowed moralist nd negated the conventional method of morality
As she was bound to pursue the Eighteen century moral vision so she did her job exquisitely
She emphasised on mannerism nd censured the direct preaching in Pride and prejudice... She criticised always in a way that  was unnoticed  but attained the purpose of targeting goal perfectly... Here i recollect the iceberg theory by Hemingway who endorsed not to give deatailed view of his preaching but to hide it under cover n let his readers to booklore
So was she... She made her readers to booklore n perceive their own views about moral
Here are salient features of objectivity which she achieved as moralist
1..She despised tge conventional preaching of morality
She emphasised on mannerism n pointing out anto social elememts such as jealousy, animosity, vanity, hypocrisy, pride n prejudice
3....she embarked on the frailty if bad upbringing of children  n points out how  Mr. Bennet confined him to librerary n avoid his responsibilities as a father n nonsense of Mrs. bennet which ended up in elopement of Lydia wid Wickham
4....here a very stupendous quality she exibits that she didn't idealised her characters n   shatters their follies n flaws.... Even the mainp protagonists hero n heroine of the play can be seen having grudges n developing pride n prejudice against each other but by tge time their sensible nature n sagacity made them sort out these issues n overcome their frailties n follies
5...she  meditated nd thoroughly justified the standards of marriages
according to her moral codes marriage is all about developing a compatibility n trust b/w 2 ppl, esteem, good n mutual affection is tge essence of successful marriage
In case of Elizabeth n Darcy we see they fall into gulf of animosity 1st but aftr evaluation of themselves they decided to get married but the result was contrast in case of Lydia n Wickham where amorousness resulted in Elopement of them n soon the avarice nature of Wickham was revealed upon all ...so by comparing n contrasting 4 couples Austen accomplished her mission to make ppl aware of possibilities of making successful marriages
6...last but not the least point we must discuss about the hindress.... Stumbling block in the way of lovers in form of Hypocrisy... Here comes (Aunt of Darcy) Lady Catherine who wants Darcy to marry her daughter as both if families belonged to elite class so she was there to make Elizabeth to refuse Darcy as she belonged to middle class but Elizabeth denied her suggestion
[1/6, 11:16 AM] pu ms ayesha: In concluding lines i want to appreciate her role as moralist as she lashes out n shatters the follies n frailties of society in a discreet way... N rebuked the social evils,...rampant at her time... So her views n conclusions are still valid for our time n age
Her comedy novel arises from conflict of illusion n reality her craftsmanship, her diction, her discreet way to rebuke frailties  ,her avoidance of romantic elememts such as individual n natural beauty ...made her a blossom of 18th century nd  Forerunner of 19th century of romanticism