ALL IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MA ENGLISH LITERATURE PART 1

All Important short questions MA Eng Part 1

All Important short questions MA Eng P1
#PAPER_II__CLASSICAL_DRAMA__PART_01
#Most_Important_TOPICS_and_QUESTIONS(UOS)
#SOPHOCLES- "Oedipus Rex"
1_ Concept of Fate & Free Will/Character & Fate
2_ Oedipus as a Greek Tragic Hero
3_ Character is Destiny
4_ Plot Construction in Oedipus Rex
5_ Hamartia & Hubris
6_ Irony in Oedipus Rex
7_ Role of Chorus
#SHAKESPEARE- "Othello"
1_ Character Sketch of Othello
2_ Character Sketch of Desdemona
3_ Character Sketch of Iago.
4_ Character Sketch of Casio
5_ Othello as a Social Tragedy
6_ Racism in Othello
7_ Role of Chance and Misunderstanding
8_ Significance of the Handkerchief Scene
9_ Who is Responsible of the Tragic/Destructive End of Othello
#CHRISTOPHER_MARLOWE- "Jew of Malta"
1_ Jew of Malta a Typical Morlovian Tragedy
2_ Character Sketch of Ferneze
3_ Character Sketch of Barabas The Jew
4_ Character Sketch of Abigail
5_ Themes in Jew of Malta
6_ "If there is No Marlowe then No Shakespeare"
#SHAKESPEARE- "The Tempest"
1_ Character Sketch of Prospero
2_ Character Sketch of Miranda
3_ Compare & Contrast between the Characters of Aerial & Caliban
4_ Themes in The Tempest
5_ Role of Supernatural Machinery/Elements in The Tempest
#OSCAR_WILD- "Importance of Being Earnest"
1_ Title Significance of Importance of Being Earnest(IBE)
2_ Importance of Being Earnest as a Comdey of Manners
3_ Importance of Being Earnest as a Farcical Play
4_ Importance of Being Earnest as a Trivial Comedy
5_ Importance of Being Earnest as a Social Satire
6_ Character Sketches of Algernon Monicrieff & Jack Worthing
7_ Character Sketches of Lady Augusta Bracknell & Cecily Cardew
8_ Use of Wit & Paradoxical Statements in IBE
: #PAPER_01__CLASSICSL_POETRY__PART_01
#Most_Important_TOPICS_and_QUESTIONS(UOS)
#GEOFFERY_CHAUCER- "The Prologue to The Canterbury Tales"
1_ Chaucer's Humour/Satire/Irony
2_ Chaucer's Art of Characterization
3_ Chaucer as a Modern Poet
4_ Chaucer Representative of 14th Century
5_ Chaucer's Ecclesiastical Characters(Hypocrisy, Comparison and Contrast between the Characters)
6_ Chaucer's Female Characters
7_ Chaucer as a Father of English Poetry/Literature
8_ Chaucer's Realism
#EDMUND_SPENSER- "Faerie Queene"
1_ Faerie Queene as an Allegory
2_ Faerie Queene A Great Epic Poem
3_ Spenser A Poets' Poet
4_ Spenser's contributions to the English literature and language
#WILLIAM_SHAKESPEARE- "Sonnets"
1_ Shakespeare as A Sonnet Writer
2_ Shakespeare's Contributions to the English Sonnet Writing
3_ Different Themes of the Selected(Syllabus) Sonnets
#JOHN_DONNE- "Selection from Love & Divine Poems"
1_ Donne as a Metaphysical Poet
2_ Characteristics of Metaphysical Poetry
3_ Donne as a Divine Poet
4_ Three Modes of Love in Donne's Poetry
5_ Donne as a Love Poet
#JOHN_MILTON- "Paradise Lost"
1_ Milton's Grand Style
2_ Portrayal of Satan(character) in Paradise Lost
3_ Who is the Hero of Paradise Lost, Satan or Adam?
4_ Character Sketch of Adam
5_ Character Sketch of Eve
#ALEXANDER_POPE- "Rape of the Lock"
1_ Rape of the Lock as a Social Satire
2_ Rape of the Lock as a Comic Epic/Mock Epic
3_ Use of Machinery(Supernatural Elements) in Rape of the Lock
4_ Pope's Attitude Towards Women(Belinda's Character, Social Satire)
5_ Moral of the Rape of the Lock
#PART_01__PAPER_IV__PROSE
#MOST_IMPORTANT_QUESTIONS(UOS/PU)
#SIR_FRANCIS_BACON(Essays)
1_ Bacon's Prose Style
2_ Bacon As a Moralist
3_ Bacon As a Philosopher
4_ Bacon's Worldly Wisdom
5_ Renaissance Elements in Bacon
6_ Bacon As An Essayist
#JONATHAN_SWIFT(Gulliver's Travels)
1_ Swift's Prose Style
2_ Swift As a Satirist
3_ Swift As a Misanthrope
4_ Popularity of 'Gulliver's Travels'
5_ Elements of Utopia in 'Gulliver's Travels'
6_ First and Last Voyage of 'Gulliver's Travel'
#LYTTON_STRACHEY(Selection from Eminent Victorians)
1_ Strachey's Prose Style
2_ Strachey As a Biographer
3_ Strachey's Ironic Attitude
4_ The Psychological Milieu of Strachey
5_ Critical Appreciation of 'End of General Gordan'
6_ Critical Appreciation of 'Florence Nightingale'
#BERTRAND_RUSSELL(Selection of Essays)
1_ Russell's Prose Style
2_ Russell As a Philosopher
3_ Connection Between Philosophy and Politics
4_ The Future of Mankind
5_ The Functions of a Teacher
6_ Ideas That Have Helped Mankind
7_ Ideas That Have Harmed Mankind
#EDWARD_W_SAID(Introduction to Culture & Imperialism)
1_ Edward Said's Prose Style
2_ Edward Said's Views on Culture
3_ Edward Said's Views on Imperialism
4_ Relationship Between Culture and Imperialism
5_ Classical English Novelists in 'Introduction to Culture and Imperialism'
6_ Influence of Post Colonialism on Edward Said
Important QUESTIONS #Novel Part 1 #UOS
A Tale of Two Cities
1. As a novel of love
2. Plot construction
3. Major Themes
4. Role of Dr Mannet
5. Character of Madame Defarge during French Revolution
6. Art of Characterization
7. Technique and Style of Dickens
Pride and Prejudice
1. Character sketch of Lydia
2. Title Significance
3. Character of Mrs Bennet
4. Character of Darcy
5. Relationship between Mr Bingley and Miss Jane
6. Relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth
7. Character sketch of Elizabeth
8. Jane Austen as a Nobelist.
Joseph Andrews
1. Character of Parson Adams
2. Comic Epic in Prose
3. As Parody of Pamela
4. Fielding as a Father of English Novel
5. As a Picaresque Novel
6. Character of Joseph Andrews
The Mill on Floss
1. Ending of the Mill on the Floss
2. Role and Significance of River Floss
3. Salient Features of George Eliot as Novelist
4. The Mill on the Floss as the most Truthful and touching depiction of child Psychology
5. Title Significance
6. As autobiographical Novel.
Tess of the D'urbervilles
1. Plot construction
2. Tess as Pure Woman
3. Is Angel Clare responsible for the Tragedy of Tess
4. Is Alec responsible for the Tragedy of Tess
5. Features and defects of Thomas Hardy as a Novelist
6. Hardy’s vision of Human Tragedy
[9/15, 21:55] Zahid Shabir: American Literature
Important Questions
MA English Annual System
University of Sargodha
Pakistan 🇵🇰🇵🇰🇵🇰
Robert Frost
1. Salient Features of Frost Poetry
2. As a Poet of Nature
3. Themes
Most Important Critical Appreciation
1. Mending Walls
2. The Road Not Taken
3. After Apple Picking
4. Stopping by Woods
John Ashbery
1. As a Modern Poetry
2. Themes
Critical Appreciation
1. The Painter
2. Melodic Trains
Richard Wilbur
1. Characteristics of modern poetry in Richard Wilbur and John Ashbery
2. As a Modern Poet
Critical Appreciation
1. After The Last Bulletin
2. Still Citizen
Walt Whitman
1. Characteristics of Walt Whitman's Poetry
2. Themes
Critical Appreciation
1. O Captain! My Captain!
2. There was a Child went Forth
3. To a Stranger
4. These Carols.
Mourning Becomes Electra
1. Mother daughter relationship
2. Adam Brant as a True Villain
3. As Modern Tragedy
4. Art of Characterization
5. Psychoanalysis / psychological Drama of lust.
The Crucible
1. Significance of Title
2. Themes
3. Historical and Cultural Background
4. Theme of Witch Craft
5. Character of John Proctor
A Farewell to Arms
1. Significance of Title
2. Views on Love and War
3. Autobiographical Novel
4. Robert Jordan as a Typical Hemingway Hero
5. Catherine Barkley as a typical Hemingway Heroin.
Jazz
1. Significance of Title
2. Role of Women Characters
3. Depiction of Urban Life
4. Thematic and Symbolic Importance of Music
5. Identity and Memory in Jazz
6. Violet as a Representative of Black Woman.
Note: Try to learn all critical appreciation of all poems which are included in your syllabus.

Linguistics short questions

👉What is English phonology?
English phonology is the study of the phonology (i.e. the sound system) of the English language. Like all languages, spoken English has wide variation in its pronunciation both diachronically and synchronically from dialect to dialect.
👉What is the phonological rule?
A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process or diachronic sound change in language.
👉How many different sounds are in the alphabet?
There are 24 different individual consonant speech sounds in the English language and another 20 vowel speech sounds (remember, there are 26 letters of the alphabet…21 consonants and 5 vowels). We call these sounds phonemes. Each phoneme, or speech sound, has a symbolic representation.
👉How many diphthongs are there in the English language?
There are (of course) conflicting opinions about exactly how many English diphthong sounds there are ranging from 8 to 10. According to Daniel Jones there are 10 English diphthong sounds, according to J. D. O'Connor there are 9 and according to A. C. Gimson there are 8 English diphthong sounds.
👉What are the rules of pragmatics?
Pragmatics. ... In a sense, pragmatics is seen as an understanding between people to obey certain rules of interaction. In everyday language, the meanings of words and phrases are constantly implied and not explicitly stated. In certain situations, words can have a certain meaning.
👉What are the phonological features?
In linguistics, a distinctive feature is the most basic unit of phonological structure that may be analyzed in phonological theory. Distinctive features are grouped into categories according to the natural classes of segments they describe: major class features, laryngeal features, manner features, and place features.
👉What is a diphthong example?
A diphthong is a sound made by combining two vowels, specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to another, like the oy sound in oil. Diphthong comes from the Greek word diphthongos which means "having two sounds."
👉What is an example of a semantics?
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It can be applied to entire texts or to single words. For example, "destination" and "last stop" technically mean the same thing, but students of semantics analyze their subtle shades of meaning.
👉What is a nasal sound?
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. Examples of nasals in English are [n] and [m], in words such as nose and mouth.
👉What is a Monophthong example?
The word monophthong shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position. For example, when you say "teeth", then while you are creating the sound of the "ee", nothing changes for that sound. A monophthong can be a lexeme of a language and as such it can as well be a syllable.
👉What does it's just semantics mean?
"Semantics" has to do with considering the meanings of words. When someone says "that's just semantics," it's used idiomatically—a phrase repeated whole, parroted. It's a put-down. It means "You're about to talk about words, but words don't matter."
👉What is a consonant sound?
A consonant is a speech sound that is not a vowel. It also refers to letters of the alphabet that represent those sounds: Z, B, T, G, and H are all consonants. Consonants are all the non-vowel sounds, or their corresponding letters: A, E, I, O, U and sometimes Y are not consonants. In hat, H and T are consonants.
👉What is the difference between vowel and consonant sounds?
Vowels are voiced sounds made with the mouth open. Consonants are sounds blocked by the tongue, teeth or lips. They can be voiced or unvoiced. There is one consonant made with the mouth open, and no blockage, but it is unvoiced: the H.
👉What is the vowel sound?
Five of the 26 alphabet letters are vowels: A, E, I, O, and U. The letter Y is sometimes considered a sixth vowel because it can sound like other vowels. Unlike consonants, each of the vowel letters has more than one type of sound or can even be silent with no sound at all.

Passage to india

Humour, irony and satire in the PROLOGUE TO THE CANTERBURY TALES

Humor, Irony and Satire in the Prologue to The Canterbury Tales..
💝💝🌷🌷🌷💝💝💝

#Geoffrey_Chaucer (1343-1400)..

A good sense of humor is one of the essential skills of any great writer. Geoffrey Chaucer is one of those artists who exerts a puzzling amount and variety of humor, and wields it in a remarkably subtle manner. He makes the common reader laugh and the intelligent reader smile. He is the first great humorist in English literature.
Chaucer's humor is refined. The purpose of humor in Chaucer's poem is not to hurt others, but just to illuminate and illustrate just what they are. It is said that Chaucer's humor is gentle because he has a deep affection for humanity. He is a lover of mankind, a philanthropist. He loves men equally, whether good or bad. He neither condemns fools nor shows disgust for rascals. He gently unmasks their nature, manner or behavior. He wants to give pleasure by portraying their funny traits artistically revealing the secret of their foibles. He intends to amuse or delights the reader. His humor is free from biting satire. However, he exposes the vices of the society in a subtle and gentle manner. The test of a humorist is his readiness to laugh at himself as much as at others and Chaucer emerges successful in this test. He evokes humor at his own cost as well as at the cost of his pilgrims. He spares not even himself and cracks many a jest at his own expense.

The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian humor in all its varieties. In the Prologue, every character is dexterously enlivened by humorous touches, and the pageant of merry pilgrims lives vividly in our memories. There is the light-hearted touch of a genial humorist when Chaucer presents the Prioress. Chaucer makes a sly dig at her tenderness when he says that she is so charitable and tender-hearted that she would weep if she saw a mouse caught in a trap. Though a Prioress, she indulged in love-making. To Chaucer, with his frequent voyages to foreign countries, her French appeared perhaps rather Londonish and hardly Parisian.

His characterization of almost all the characters here is, indeed, humorously satirical. We do have examples of pure humor also in the Prologue, for example, we laugh at the Squire's lovesickness, the leanness of the Clerk of Oxford and of his horse which is compared to a rake. The motive behind this kind of humor is laughter for its own sake. But irony becomes much more conspicuous in Chaucer's treatment of characters, especially when the poet shows a corrective motive. However, Chaucer, as an ironist and satirist, is not out to reform people, but he surely finds amusement in the absurdities, affectations, and some of the minor vices of the people he deals with. The chief point to note about his use of ironical satire is that he does not, like Swift, feel enlarged or infuriated by the weaknesses and shortcomings of human beings because his attitude towards them is not only tolerant but also indulgent. This reason helps temper his irony with humor, making the overall satire thoroughly delightful and free from the taint of cynicism and pessimism.

We find kindly and patronizing humor in the case of the Clerk of Oxford. The Oxford Clerk was a scholar in shreds, but he loved to learn and to teach. Chaucer's humor becomes broad and semi farcical in the case of the Wife of Bath. She was a little deaf and gap-toothed. All her life she was an honorable woman. She had five husbands at church door, besides other company in her youth. All the remedies of love were at her fingertips. There is an ironic humor in the case of the Doctor of Physik. Chaucer's humor becomes coarse and rough when he presents the Miller and the Reeve. The satirical tone of Chaucer's humor is well represented in the character of the Monk, the Friar, the Pardoner and the Summoner. These ecclesiastical characters deserted their religious duties. Materialistic and amorous things became the part and parcel of their lives. Chaucer mildly satirizes the monk who became a worldly person and loved hunting and riding. The Pardoner was a cheat and a hypocrite. By his feigned flattery he duped innocent persons and squeezed money out of their pockets. The Summoner was a rogue. If a person greased his palm, he was above the law and could do wicked things for a full year. Chaucer’s humor is not tinged with bitter satire. Chaucer looked on and smiled on the follies of the people. He was a master of irony and sympathetic humor. Chaucer's humor is almost innocent fun.

Satire is found in the world of Chaucer, but it is rarely coarse, seldom severe, and never savage. His humor is not tinged with fierce and biting satire. He did not lash the strongholds of corruption mercilessly; he simply laughed at them and made us laugh. Bitter satire, in fact, did not penetrate the sympathetic and genial outlook of Chaucer. His interest lay in the portraiture rather than in an exposure. His object was to paint life as he saw it, to hold up mirror to nature.

Chaucer's use of irony to build up a satirical portrait and to make us laugh is clearly seen in his presentation of the Prioress. The Prioress speaks French fluently, according to the school of Stratford-at-Bow. This is an ironical reference to the Prioress's aristocratic breeding. Her dress and her fashionable manners are also ironically described. Her charitable nature too is depicted in such a way as to amuse us. Her spirit of charity is seen chiefly in her feeding her pet dogs with expensive foods, a clearly ironical fling. The ironic implication throughout the portrait of the Prioress is that, in spite of her holy calling, she is more concerned with worldly things than with the spirit. At the same time, Chaucer makes the Prioress quite amiable by emphasizing her essential femininity. The portrait of the Prioress is thus a prominent example of Chaucer's tolerant view of human failings textualized in an amusing and delightful, manner in which he reveals them to us.

The Monk, too, is portrayed satirically. He is fond of hunting; he keeps a large number of fine horses in his stable. When he rides, the jingling of the bells on the bridle of his horse is heard at a distance; he finds the rules of monastic discipline to be old and therefore out of date; he does not wish to drive himself mad by studying too much and so on. The worldliness of this Monk is clearly exposed by the ironic stroke and the whole portrait is rounded off with a reference to his partiality for a roast, fat swan, even as the Prioress's portrait is rounded off with an ironical reference to the inscription—"Love conquers all" on her brooch. Irony is also employed in the portrait of the Friar. Here are the most ironical lines in this portrait: "He was a noble pillar of his order". This line amuses us, especially when we know that the man is mercenary. We have some of Chaucer's most bitter ironies when he describes the Friar as telling the sinners that they have merely to give money to men like him to order to obtain divine forgiveness. Ironical humor occurs in the portrait of the Merchant when Chaucer tells us that the Merchant is so dignified in his dealing and his bargaining that no one could judge that the Merchant was in debt. The Lawyer amuses us by pretending to be busier than he is. The Lawyer's fraudulent transactions are not made by Chaucer an object of any vehement criticism; these are simply hinted at in order to amuse us by pointing out the incongruity between his vast legal ability and his essential dishonesty and cunning. But Chaucer does not castigate the Lawyer. Chaucer's spirit of toleration and indulgence is clearly seen here.

Thus we find that humor including irony and satire is the most conspicuous ingredient in Chaucer's characterization of the pilgrims in the Prologue. Chaucer's humor lends a most distinctive quality to his character-sketches.

MA ENGLISH LITERATURE ONLINE ACADEMY