Heart of Darkness past papers 2010-2019 SUPPLY

Heart of Darkness past papers 2010-2019 annual 
PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE

Q; write a critical note on the role and character of Marlowe in Heart of Darkness. [2010 annual]

Q; In Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays the evils of 19th century colonialism in Africa with extraordinary vividness. Discuss. [2010 annual]

Q; Discuss the symbolic importance of the character in Heart of Darkness. [2010 supply]

Q; “Man’s inhumanity to man is his greatest crime”. Discuss the theme of Heart of Darkness in the light of this comment. [2010 supply]

Q; Discuss the symbolic representation of Evil in the “Heart of Darkness”. [2011 annual]

Q; write a note on Conrad’s imagery in the “Heart of Darkness”. [2011 annual]

Q; write a critical note on the role and character of either Marlowe or Kurtz in Heart of Darkness. [2011 supply]

Q; what are the main themes that Conrad’s brings out in the “Heart of Darkness”. [2011 supply]

Q; HEART OF DARKNESS is a “modern blend of comic absurdity ,tragedy, and satire” comment. [2012 annual]
Q; what means does Conrad employ to develop the relationship between the title; “THE HEART OF DARKNESS” and its Theme. [2012 annual]

Q; what are the major symbols in the Heart of Darkness and what purpose do these serve? [2012 supple]

Q; “Displaying masterful dexterity, Conrad makes us fully aware of the deer mystery of truth in his extraordinary explanation of human savagery and despair”. Heart of Darkness [2012 supple]

Q; what happens to Marlowe after Kurtz’s death? HEART OF DARKNESS [2013 annual]

Q; consider Heart of Darkness as a political allegory? [2013 annual]

Q; what is the effect of the narrative being told by Marlowe first hand in Joseph Conrad’s HEART OF DARKNESS? [2013 supple]
Q; Is Chinu Achebe correct in accusing HEART OF DARKNESS of being a racist novel? [2013 supple]
Q; Is Chiny Achebe right “HEART OF DARKNESS” is racist? Does the book present a simple and degrading view of the native Africans? [2014 annual]
Q; what are some symbols in HEART OF DARKNESS? How do they relate to the plot and characters? [2014 annual]
Q; what is Conrad ultimately trying to convey to the reader in HEART OF DARKNESS. [2014 supple]
Q; why does Marlowe lie to Kurtz finance about Kurtz lst words? [2014 supple]

Q; Conrad uses the technique of impressionism in HEART OF DARKNESS? Exemplify. [2015 annual]

Q; HEART OF DARKNESS is about the horrors of western civilization Comment. [2015 annual]

Q; Discuss HEART OF DARKNESS as a novel of imperialism. [2015 supple]

Q; Is Marlow the moral hero of HEART OF DARKNESS? [2015 supple]

Q; In HEART OF DARKNESS every time there is a shift between this narrator and Marlow who narrates most of the story. To what effect Conrad uses this technique. [2016 annual]

Q; what adverse effect colonization has on the European colonizers depicted in the HEART OF DARKNESS? [2016 annual]

Q; HEART OF DARKNESS is a searing indictment of western imperialism. Discuss. [2016 supple]

Q; HEART OFDARKNESS has a modernist narrative technique. Exemplify your answer. [2016 supple]

Q; HEART OF DARKNESS finally exposes the dark side of European imperialism? [2017 annual]

Q; who is the hero of die novel HEART OF DARKNESS? Does the hero holds out grace? [2017 annual].

Q.why does Marlow describe kurtz as a"universal genius"?(2018 annual)

Q.Discuss the importance of Congo river in this narrative ? Why does Marlow travel primarily by boat and seldom on land?(2019 annual )

Q.Marlow constantly uses vague and often redundant phrases like "unspeakable secrets"and " inconceivable mystery ".why does Marlow use vague and inconclusive language so frequently  . (2019 annual).

2018supply 

Q. Heart of the Darkness has a unique narrative style perhaps suitable to describe the magnitude of the project of imperial invasions.

Q. Why Marlow lies to The Intended at the end of the novel? 

2019supply 

Q. In its treatment of imperialism and individual experience, Heart of Darkness is on many levels a story about ambiguity. Illustrate.

Q. Do you think that the novel Heart of Darkness is meant to be political? What point was the author trying to make? Did he succeed?

Q. Achebe claims that in Heart of Darkness “Africa is used as a setting and backdrop which eliminates the Africans as human factor”

MISCELLANEOUS PAST PAPERS

1. As you read the novel, be aware of how Conrad uses repeated "doubling" patterns of 

opposition and contrast in Heart of Darkness: light and dark, white and black, "savagery" 

and "civilization," outer and inner? What does Conrad accomplish by this contrast, 

especially of light and dark?

2. Marlow constantly uses vague and often redundant phrases like "unspeakable secrets”, 

"inconceivable mystery”, “impenetrable darkness”, and “insoluble problem”. At other times, 

however, he is capable of powerful imagery and considerable eloquence. Why does Marlow

 use vague, "inconclusive" language and opposing adjectives so frequently?

3. Analyze Marlow’s use of the terms “the idea” and “the work” in the novel. Why are there so 

many ironic suggestions to what these terms actually mean in his observations of the colonial

 practices in King Leopold’s Congo?

4. What is your understanding of Marlow’s references to “the thing” as his journey unfolds

 through the African rainforest?

5. Why is Conrad’s use of irony, as a narrative strategy, so powerful throughout the novel? 

In your opinion, what are the moments/events when Marlow’s ironic statements are the

 most powerful?

6. Interpret Kurtz's dying words ("The horror! The horror!"). What do they mean?

 What are the possible "horrors" to which he is referring? Why is Marlow the recipient 

of Kurtz's last words?

7. What do women represent in Heart of Darkness? There are three significant women in this story: 

Kurtz's Intended, Marlow's aunt, and the African woman at Kurtz's station. How are they described? 

Contrast Kurtz's African mistress with his Intended. Are both negative portrayals of women?

 Describe how each portrayal functions in the narrative. Does it make any difference in your 

interpretation to know that Conrad supported the women's suffrage movement? What does

 Marlow mean early in Part 1 when he suggests that women are "out of touch with truth" and

 live in a beautiful world of their own?

8. Describe the use of "darkness" both in the book's title and as a symbol throughout the text. 

What does darkness represent? Is its meaning constant or does it change?

The Role of Fate/Free will/ fate &character in Sophocles Oedipus Rex

The Role of Fate/Free will/ fate &character  in Sophocles Oedipus Rex

Oedipus Rex is one of the greatest creations of Sophocles where king Oedipus is the protagonist who is the victim of his own fate.
Jocasta and Laius attempt to get rid of their son but fate triumphs.
Oedipus is the son of king Laius and queen Jocasta. They hear from an astrologer that, Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Thats why they tie his legs with a strong roof and order a shepherd to keep him on the pick of the mountain so that the beasts of the mountain eat him. Shepherd takes pity to him. The shepherd gives Oedipus to another shepherd who is the member of another kingdom. He takes it and shows him to his king. The king has no child so he becomes very happy to get Oedipus. He and his wife take great care as their child.
Oedipus fate takes him back to Thebes
When Oedipus is young enough, one day he hears from another astrologer that he will kill his father and marry his mother. At that time he does not know his real identity, he thinks that Polybus is his father. So he does not want to kill his father and marry his mother. At that time he leaves the country to get rid of the worse work. He returns to his own country but he does not know that it is his own country. It is the creation of destiny.
His fate ends up kiling his father and marrying his mother
While coming back to Thebes, Oedipus kills a man old enough to be his father .After that Oedipus meets with a sphinx which is a monster. It asks a question to the people but everybody fails to give the correct answer and when they fail to give the correct answer it eats him/her. He also asks Oedipus the same question but he gives the correct answer and the sphinx jumps from the mountain and dies. When the people of that country have learnt about the greatest success of Oedipus they become happy to Oedipus and as a gift they give their queen to Oedipus as their king was killed  and he marries a woman that was his monther ,without even doubting his wits.Here we observe that destiny has totally won and the fate has proved that no man can deny his sorrow and suffering.
Searching  ''murderer of the king Laius''
Oedipus is ignorant to the fact that by searching for the killer he is sealing his own fate.Oedipus believes by search for Laiuss killer he is using his own free will but that is not the case.Not knowing he was the murderer.Discovering he is the killer, Oedipus blinds himself and is exiled from Thebes.
Coclusion:
In this tragedy it becomes true. Oedipus has been trying his best to deny his fate and save him from the worse sin but he fails because his destiny bounds him to do so. Oedipus has failed and fate has won. So the role of fate on Oedipus is almighty.

A Short Analysis of Philip Larkin’s ‘Church Going’

A Short Analysis of Philip Larkin’s ‘Church Going’
🌹🌷👇

‘Church Going’ is one of Philip Larkin’s best-loved poems. It appeared in his second full collection of poetry, The Less Deceived (1955). In this post, we’d like to offer some notes towards an analysis of ‘Church Going’, which can be read here.

The title, ‘Church Going’, is not hyphenated, to allow for a secondary meaning to be glimpsed – or, in fact, a tertiary meaning, since ‘Church Going’ is itself already carrying a double meaning. It immediately suggests going to church as an act of worship, but Larkin is not a ‘church-goer’ in that sense: he visits the churches (something, he tells us, he ‘often’ does) for other reasons, and is not himself a believer or worshipper. But ‘Church Going’ also glimmers with another meaning: the idea that the church, as institution, is ‘going’ or fading from view. (Larkin’s titles often centre on such goings: see ‘Going’ and, indeed, ‘Going, Going’, as well as his ‘Poetry of Departures’.)

Then we come to the first line: ‘Once I am sure there’s nothing going on’. ‘Going’ again, this time in the popular idiom ‘going on’. Of course, Larkin means ‘once I’m sure I’m not interrupting a service or ceremony’, but his choice of words invites, again, the idea that there is nothing going on inside the church these days: nothing of any great moment or significance anyway. Note the proliferation of references to endings in the poem: the altar is referred to, untechnically, as ‘the holy end’ of the church, while the snippet of biblical verse which Larkin recites, louder than he’d intended to, is, tellingly, ‘Here endeth’ (as in ‘Here endeth the lesson’, though the lopping off of the final two
east-coker-church-interior-eliotwords homes in on the idea of something coming to an end). Larkin confides that he ‘always end[s] much at a loss’ when visiting churches. Throughout, there is a sense of the churches falling further into disuse, of something coming to an end.

Indeed, once he has briefly explored the church, Larkin begins to meditate on the future of the church, and whether it will continue to have significance. Will ‘dubious women’ who are fond of superstition (perhaps with ‘Gypsy’ blood?) bring their children to touch a stone of the church as a good omen? Or people come to pick herbs and ‘simples’ from the churchyard in an attempt to cure cancer? Who will be the very last person to visit the church – a‘ruin-bibber’, one who likes to go in search of old antiques? Or someone who retains a fondness for the ceremony and trappings of Christianity (Christmas, and the like), but harbours no religious belief? Or will it be someone like Larkin himself, who values churches because they were once a distillation of some of the most important aspects of our lives: birth (Christenings), marriage (weddings), and death (funerals).

Larkin then ends by praising the church as a ‘serious house’ built on ‘serious earth’ (i.e. the graveyard, hallowed ground), as a place that takes our natural compulsions and ‘robes’ them in religious ceremony. For Larkin, this quality alone ensures that churches will continue to exercise a fascination and importance for some people, especially those who find themselves seized by a surprising urge to make themselves more ‘serious’ and contemplative. And churches, Larkin concludes, are fine places to cultivate wisdom, not least because they remind us that our time on Earth is short (as the many gravestones around the church make plain).

‘Church Going’ is about something that is fading from view, something that Larkin sees as carrying value and significance, even though he rejects the literal truth of Christianity. He nevertheless sees the importance of cultural rituals and traditions as giving a shape and momentousness to the ‘rites of passage’ in our lives. In the last analysis, ‘Church Going’ is perhaps the greatest Christian poem written by a non-Christian, and a fine, if measured, paean to the continued worth of churches in secular times. As he says elsewhere of something else, ‘Let it always be there.’

Continue to explore Larkin’s life and work with our commentary on his ‘Going, Going’, our thoughts on his famous ‘Toads’ poem, our summary of his ‘The Whitsun Weddings’, and our biographical trivia about Larkin. You can get hold of all of Larkin’s essential poetry with The Complete Poems of Philip Larkin

🌻How To Answer Exam Questions🌻

🌻How To Answer Exam Questions🌻

Pay attention! These quick tips should be common sense but many students who are under exam stress fail to see their mistakes.
We’re going to help you avoid a major exam disaster by pointing you in the right direction.
Here’s our top exam writing tips to help you understand how to answer exam questions:

👉👉Practice Past Papers
There really is no better way to get exam ready than by attempting past papers. Most exam bodies should have past papers available online but your teacher will get you started on these in class.
This process isn’t just about preparing an answer for a specific question, it’s about understanding how you approach a question in an exam, how to structure your answer, the timings you should
assign and what information will get marks.

👉👉 Read All Questions Carefully
The stress of the situation can cause you to misread a question,plan your answer out, start writing your response and then realise you made a mistake and wasted vital time. Even though you generally
won’t be writing answers to every
question on the paper, reading all questions thoroughly will ensure
you make the right choices and can highlight how much you know about the topic.
Don’t forget to attempt all questions that you have selected.
However, be careful of MCQ questions with negative marking. If you’re not sure of the answer you could cost yourself some valuable marks.
👉👉Manage Your Time
This is where you need to be strict on yourself. Once you have assigned a time limit for each question, you MUST move on once you hit it or you won’t be able to
give the next question your full
attention.
Remember to leave yourself some time at the end to go back over your answers and add in little notes or pieces of information about the topic. You never know, this could help bump you up a grade!
👉👉Structure Your Answer
Don’t just jump into writing your answer. Take the first few minutes to plan the structure of your essay which will save you time when you are delving into meaty parts.
Always stay on topic; if you’re discussing the role of women in society as portrayed by the author in Of Mice and Men , don’t digress and start outlining other themes in the book for example.
Most essays should have an introduction, three main points and a conclusion. A lot of students see a conclusion as a final sentence to finish the piece off. A strong
conclusion give an A grade student
the chance to shine by bringing
everything together and fortifying
their opinion.
👉👉Explore Both Sides of an Argument
Building your argument in the main
body of your exam answer will give
your overall opinion credibility. English language questions, for example, encourage you to explore both sides of an argument and then conclude with a critical analysis of your answer.
Many questions you approach will
look as though they seek a straightforward answer but in reality they want you to fully outline a structured essay. Don’t fall into the trap of providing a one-sided view, get your hands dirty and open your mind to other possibilities.
👉👉Review Your Answers Thoroughly
Smart students can still make the mistake of handing their answer book in without checking through what they have written. Proofread your answers as much as you can to correct any spelling mistakes and add any extra comments you think are worth mentioning.
You will be surprised what you can spot in those last few minutes. This is your last chance to throw in that quotation, list other relevant points or even draw a quick diagram . Now is not the time to drop your game, show the examiner what you’re made of!
Remember, the exams are not designed to trick you. Don’t panic on the day of your exam or this brain freeze could mean that you get a lower grade that you truly deserve. Convince yourself that you
know how to answer exam questions and your almost there.

Lord of The Flies Short Questions

Lord of The Flies
Short Questions
MA English Annual System
University of Sargodha
Pakistan 🇵🇰 🇵🇰🇵🇰

i) Write the names of four novels of William Golding.
Ans. The major novels of William Golding are; Lord of Flies, The Inheritors, Pincher Martin, Free Fall, The Spire, The Pyramid, The Scorpion God, Darkness Visible, The Paper Men, To the Ends of the Earth, Rites of Passage, Close Quarters, Fire Down Below, The Double Tongue.
(ii) What is the setting of 'Lord of the Flies'?
Ans. "Lord of the Flies" takes place on an uninhabited island in the Pacific Ocean probably in 1950. This island is tropical and has a jungle and beaches, and a mountain. Throughout the book, the setting is in different parts of the island.
(iii) What is the significance of the title 'Lord of the Flies'?
Ans. "Lord" is a word of power, and "Flies" connote death and decay. So "Lord of the Flies" is a power of corruption, decay and death. "Lord of the Flies" is also the popular translation of Beelzebub, who is either a demon or the devil himself. Simon calls the severed pig's head "Lord of the Flies" because he sees it as a manifestation of the boy's nature -- and possibly his own.
(iv) Why does Golding use British schoolboys in 'Lord of the Flies'?
Ans. Golding was British. He probably used British schoolboys to illustrate how even boy who have been brought up in a world of rules, regulations and the classics, who are the very epitome of civilization, can quickly revert to "savagery" if the right situation arises. He excluded girls because, in his own words, he did not want "sex to rear its ugly head".
(v) What are the major themes of 'Lord of the Flies'?
Ans. Civilization vs. savagery, individualism vs. community, man vs. Nature, speech and silence, rules and orders, loss of innocence, the nature of evil, dehumanization of relationships, the negative consequences of war, and effects of fear are the major themes of "Lord of Flies".
(vi) How do the boys happen to come to the island?
Ans. The boys are from Military School Britain. The time seems like World War II. They are being evacuated somewhere by a plane. Their plane crashes but they survive and happen to come to the island.
(vii) What is the role of religion in the lives of the boys?
Ans. Simon is a Christ like figure and other boys are devils. Like a religious person, Simon looks into his own heart and accepts that there is a beast within, and face it squarely. There is almost no role of religion in the lives of other boys who kill Simon.
(viii) What is the purpose of the expedition of Jack, Ralph and Simon?
Ans. There are two expeditions of Jack, Ralph and Simon. The purpose of first expedition in Chapter I is to find out if the land is actually an island. On the second expedition, the mission is to find the beast that Sam and Eric spotted.
(ix) What role does the conch play in 'Lord of the Flies'?
Ans. The conch is a symbol of social order, respect, decency and power. When the boys hold meetings around the camp fire, only the speaker who is holding the conch may address the crowd. The speaker with the conch is supposed to be respected by the group and heard. When the conch gets destroyed, the boys' civilized world also becomes unglued.
(x) How and why do the boys make fire?
Ans. Boys gather woods and make fire by using Piggy's glasses. They think that this fire may draw the attention of a plane or passing ship, and in turn, help facilitate their rescue.
(xi) Who or what is the Lord of the Flies?
Ans. "Lord" is a word of power, and "Flies" connote death and decay. So "Lord of the Flies" is a power of corruption, decay and death. "Lord of the Flies" is also the popular translation of Beelzebub, who is either a demon or the devil himself. Simon calls the severed pig's head "Lord of the Flies" because he sees it as a manifestation of the boy's nature -- and possibly his own.
(xii) Interpret 'The head is for the beast. It's a gift'.
Ans. This line is from Chapter 8 in "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding. This line is spoken by Jack. Jack and his hunters sharpen a stick at both ends and place the dismembered head of a pig on it as a kind of offering for the imaginary beast. It also shows boys' lust for blood.
(xiii) Interpret 'Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood'.
Ans. This line is from Chapter 9 in "Lord of the Flies" by William Golding. This line is, in fact, the boys' savage chant in the novel. It symbolizes the loss of reason and blind emotion. When boys get involved in it, nothing seems real, they lose their grip on reality. This is why the boys mistake Simon as the Beast and murder him.
(xiv) What does the dead parachutist symbolize?
Ans. The dead parachutist symbolizes; the civilization from which the boys have been cut off, a link to the adult world, the lack of adult supervision on the island, the lack of order on the island, the essence of the beast and the lord of the flies, savagery and evil in action.
(xv) Why does the boys' plan for rescue fail?
Ans. The boys only had one plan for rescue, which was to keep a signal fire burning on the mountain top. One day Ralph spotted a passing ship. All the boys were on a pig hunt and the fire was left untended. The ship passed by and the boys remained unrescued.

What are the two traits the every human soul possesses in view of Golding?
Good and evil are the two traits the every human soul possesses in view of Golding.

Which character has the strongest religious sensibility in Lord of The Flies?
Simon has strongest religious sensibility in ‘Lord of The Flies’. He is Christ like and saintly character.

Give symbolic illustration of title Lord of the Flies?
The pig’s head surrounded by flies called by Simon as Lord of the Flies, the Jack as lord and surrounded by other children like flies.

Which boy would rather hunt than build huts?
Jack would hunt rather than build huts. His motto is to providing the meat to children and showing his savagery and violence.

Where is Jack’s tribe headquarters?
Jack’s tribe headquarters is on the castle rock.
What tool or tools do the boys use to make fire?
Boys gathered the woods and used the Piggy’s glasses to make fire.

Write the names of four novels of William Golding.
Names of novels written by William Golding are The Inheritors, Free Fall, The Pyramid, Pincher Martin and Darkness Visible.

What is the setting of ‘Lord of the Flies’?
‘Lord of The Flies’ set in an uninhabited Island most probably in the Pacific Ocean.

What is the significance of the title ‘Lord of the Flies’?
Simon conceives Lord of the Flies to the pig’s head surrounded by flies which shows the character of Jack as devil like Satan.

What is the boys’ home country?
England is the boys’ home country.

Why does Golding use British schoolboys in ‘Lord of the Flies’?
Golding did used the British schoolboys in “Lord of The Flies’ because they belong to the civilized country but when they have opportunity, their inherent instinct got rise in the shape of good or evil.

What is the major theme of ‘Lord of the Flies’?
The major theme of the ‘Lord of The Flies’ is ‘Evil is not external but it is inherent and suppressed by the society and country’s rules in a civilized world’.

Who kills Piggy?
When Ralph, Samneric and Piggy came to get back the Piggy’s glasses from Jack, during the conversation between Piggy and Jack, Roger slips the bolder on Piggy and Piggy killed.

Why does Jack paint his face?
Jack paints his face to hide from pigs but his major purposes are to show authority and violence, and to create fear among other boys.

Interpret ‘Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood’.
It is third mock hunt in which they killed the Simon by conceive him as beast. It shows their savagery and violence.

What role does the conch play in ‘Lord of the Flies’?
Conch is the symbol of authority and democracy. It is used to gather all the boys, authority to speak and symbolize civilized world.

How and why do the boys make fire?
Boys make fire by Piggy’s glasses to make smoke as signal for passing by ships and plans to rescue them.

Who or what is the Lord of the Flies?
Lord of the Flies refers to the pig’s head which was rotting and flies were surrounding it. It symbolizes the character of Jack.