COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOLY THURSDAY 1 AND 2 URDU/HINDI

DRAMA2 UOS PAST PAPER 2018

DRAMA 2 2018

Still citizen sparrow in Urdu

Still citizen sparrow in urdu
ارتباط کی غیر معمولی نوعیت 'اب بھی، شہری سپاررو' میں، نظم و ضبط الفاظ اور جملے کے نظم کا استعمال، اور اس کی اچانک اچانک توجہ مرکوز کرنے کے لئے یہ غیر معمولی نقطہ نظر کے ساتھ تمام خوشگوار ہیں. ولبر کی نظم اس طرح کی چمک کی تیاریوں کو ختم کرنے کی کوشش کر رہی ہے اور بالآخر ان پڑھنے والوں کے ساتھ بھی.

اس پودے کو عام طور پر عام شہری 'شہری' کا نمائندہ بنانا کہا جا سکتا ہے، یہ روایتی ردعمل دونوں کو گندی اور cataclysmic تباہی کے خیال میں ہے. یہ عام پرندوں کو دونوں معاملات میں بدبختی محسوس کرنے کا احساس ہوتا ہے، جس کی وجہ سے اس کی موت کے بارے میں اور اس کی دنیا میں بقایا جانے کے امکانات کی طرف سے دونوں کو بند کر دیا جا رہا ہے جہاں سب کچھ معلوم ہوتا ہے. اگر یہ ایرر برقرار رہے تو ہمارے ہیلپ ڈیسک سے رابطہ کریں. اس ویڈیو پر غلط استعمال کی اطلاع دیتے ہوئے ایرر آ گیا ہے. براہ مہربانی دوبارہ کوشش کریں. اگر یہ ایرر برقرار رہے تو ہمارے ہیلپ ڈیسک سے رابطہ کریں. غلط استعمال کی اطلاع دیتے ہوئے ایرر آ گیا ہے.

نظم کے نقطہ نظر میں، جس نے بنے اور مثبت طور پر نوح کے مثالی اخلاقی فیصلے کے لئے گندم کے مثبت جمالیاتی فیصلے سے نمٹنے کے لئے مماثل کیا ہے، دونوں میں شیطان اور بائبل کردار دونوں کی موت کا سامنا کرنے اور زندگی کو جاری رکھنے کے قابل بنانے کے قابل ہیں. نظم کی بظاہر غیر متعلقہ مضامین کے درمیان لنک. گندم زمین کی جسمانی صفائی میں حصہ لیتا ہے، جبکہ نوح نے اخلاقی صفائی میں بھی حصہ لیا. ان میں سے کوئی ایک 'اچھا' شخصیت نہیں ہے. پرندوں کا گوشت کھا دیتا ہے، جبکہ نوح اپنے ساتھی انسانوں کو دیکھنے کے لۓ اپنی مرضی سے اتفاق کرتا ہے کہ وہ اپنی قسمت کا حصہ بنائے. تاہم، نیکیتا نظم کے لئے ایک پریمیم نہیں ہے، تاہم، اگرچہ یہ پھول کے لئے ہوسکتا ہے، جو نسبتا کم سطح پر رہنے والا ہے. بھوک اور نوح دونوں کی اونچائی پر رکھی جاتی ہے، بالآخر ہیرو، غیر معمولی ہونے والی اعلی پوزیشن میں، جو خوفناک سامنا اور جذب کرسکتے ہیں، جو زندگی کے ضروری خطرے کا حصہ ہے. یہ ایک مشکل کوشش ہے لیکن جس کی ضرورت ہے اگر زندگی جاری رہتی ہے. ہیرو کسی طرح سے بدبختی کا شکار ہوسکتا ہے، جو کسی کو بخوبی معاف کرنا پڑتا ہے، لیکن وہ کیا کرتا ہے، اور اس معنی میں انسانیت ان سے منسوب ہے- 'تمام مرد نوح کے بیٹوں ہیں.'

HADDA AS MODREN TRAGEDY

HADDA AS MODREN TRAGEDY

کیا ہڈڈا گیبلر ایک ٹرریگ ڈرامہ ہے؟

بہت سے لوگ اس بات پر غور کریں گے کہ ہیڈا گیبرر اس سانحہ پر غور کیا جا سکتا ہے. اس طرح کے اعتراضات کی بنیاد پر ہوسکتا ہے، مثال کے طور پر، یہ محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ ناراض وژن کے لئے نثر نامناسب ذریعہ ہے، یونانی اور الیگزبلین کے تنازع میں ملازم آیت کے وقار اور طول و عرض کی کمی، اور زبان میں بڑی تعظیم اور عظمت کے قابل نہیں روح روایتی خطرناک ہیرو کے ساتھ منسلک ہے. مثال کے طور پر، ڈبلیو بی جی ہاںس، 'علیحدہ شعر کی صرف اسٹال گند' میں Ibsen میں پایا جاتا ہے. قریب سے متعلق ایک روایتی مفہوم یہ ہے کہ صرف چند قسم کے حروف خطرناک علاج کے لئے مناسب ہیں: کنگز، شہزادے، وہ اعلی جگہوں پر. ہیڈا ہوسکتا ہے کہ وہ 'آزادی' طلبا کے لۓ متفق رہیں، لیکن اس کے برانڈ کا آرٹسٹ روایتی ماہرین کی آنکھوں میں اس پریشانی کی حیثیت نہیں رکھتا. اس کی قسمت قوموں کی قسمت میں شامل نہیں ہے؛ ان کی ڈرامہ عوامی اور سماجی بجائے گھریلو ہے. تاہم، یہ روایتی دانشوروں کو نشانہ بنایا جا سکتا ہے کہ اس قسم کی سماجی رجسٹرڈ کو مضبوطی سے مضبوطی کے سلسلے کو باہمی طور پر مضبوط کرنے کے لئے لگتا ہے کہ ایک مساوات کی عمر میں زیادہ سے زیادہ غیر موزوں ہے، اور گزشتہ دو سو سالوں کا زیادہ ادب - ناول کی شکل میں اس کے ساتھ ساتھ ڈرامائی میڈیم میں - نے طاقتور طور پر اس بات کو چیلنج کیا ہے کہ یونانی اور الیگزبلین کے سانحہ میں 'افسوس ہے کہ خوفناک درد عظیم اور اعلی پیدا ہونے والا ہے'. یہ سچ ہے کہ آیت کو خطرناک اثر، تیز جذبات، ہمارے کردار کی احساس کو گہرائی اور اس کے معیار کو دینے کے لئے ایک ڈرامہ کے افق کو بڑھانے کے لئے ممکنہ طور پر شامل کرسکتا ہے. لیکن یہ یقین کرنے کے لئے غلط ہوگا کہ آئسن کی جانبدارانہ طور پر مسترد ہونے کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ وہ نہ صرف نثر کرنے کے لئے بلکہ ناراض ہونے کے لئے. ہیڈا گبارر (واقعی میں آبیبین کے تمام وائلڈ بتھ کے اساتذہ) ان کی حقیقت پسندی کی ترتیبات، قدرتی اور سونامی اعتراض، اور عام تقریر کو مسلسل اور میرے دماغ پر قابو پانے کے عکاسی گونج کرنے کی صلاحیت کا ثبوت دیتا ہے. آخر میں یہ Ibsen کے تصور کی طاقت ہے جس سے وہ ہیڈا کی پوزیشن دیکھتا ہے اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ ہم صرف ایک ڈرائنگ روم میں گھومنے والے ناروے کے گھریلو خاتون نہیں دیکھتے ہیں، لیکن ایک پنجرا میں پھنسے روح کی تھیٹر تصویر؛ اور مشہور پستول اور بال میں 'انگور کی پتیوں' کے حوالے سے تمام گہری اور 'علامتی' اہمیتوں کی طرف منتقل کرنے کے لئے تمام بات چیت میں ایک رجحان کی صرف انتہائی مثال ہیں، کیونکہ Ibsen ڈرامائی جذبات کو غیر ملکی externals کو نہیں دینے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں لیکن ہیڈا کے بدسلوکی کے اندرونی کور پر.
کیا ہیڈا ایک ٹررایک ہیروئن ہے؟
یہ اب بھی بحث کی جاسکتی ہے کہ ہیڈا کافی غمگین نایکا کے طور پر دیکھا جا رہا ہے. اس کے شوہر کے لئے، اس تھی کے اس کے معتبر تباہی کا علاج، اور Loevborg کی زندگی میں اس کے شدید اور خطرناک مداخلت کے لئے اس کی ناراضگی - ان میں سے کوئی بھی قابل ذکر نہیں ہے. اور اس کی زندگی اور موت ہمیں کیا سکھاتی ہے؟ کھیل میں مثبت کہاں ہیں؟ اس کے پیچھے وہاں یہ خیال ہے کہ اس بات پر زور دیا گیا ہے کہ خطرناک ہیرو کو روح کی عزت ہے، اور اس کی تکلیف سے کچھ مثبت جانیں. آر پی. ڈریپر ان نسخے سے سوال کرتے ہیں، جسے وہ کہتے ہیں کہ حملے جیسے کھیلوں کے لئے اچھی طرح سے کام کرتا ہے لیکن شاید کسی دوسرے قسم کے کھیل کے لئے کافی نہیں ہے، جیسے میکبیت:
اس طرح کے سانحہ پر مبنی تنقید (حملی کی طرح 'اسراہل سانحہ'، اس کے مثبت جذبات کے ساتھ). . . شکست میں کامیابی کے لئے تلاش کرنے کے لئے لگتی ہے، جو ایک ادارہ ہے جو ڈریگنوں کے بجائے اعتماد کرتا ہے. اس مصیبت جس میں انسانیت کو برقرار رکھنے یا انسانیت کو برقرار رکھنے کے لئے اہم قوتوں کی مسخ اور برتری سے آتی ہے یا زندگی کے بہاؤ کے شروپاورینیا احساس سے نکلنے والی خونریزی کا سامنا کرنا پڑتا ہے. یہ ان کے لئے تیار نہیں ہیں، یا وہ غیر تراشے کی سطح پر ردعمل کی جاتی ہیں.
شاید، جیسا کہ ڈریپر کا مطلب ہے، ہمیں اس پریشانی کا ہمارے تصور کو وسیع کرنے کی ضرورت ہے اگر یہ ہیڈا گیبرر داخل کرنے کے لئے بہت تنگ ہے؛ ہمیں تھیٹر تجربہ سے اپیل کرنا ہوگا.

poetry past paper UOS 2018

Past papers william Blake from 2012 to 2019

Past papers william Blake from 2012 to 2019

Q: Show how william Blake sensitizes the Reader to the interrelatedness of man and other life forms .
2012 annual

Q; Analyze william blake's  social consciousness with detailed reference to his poetry.
2012 supply

Q; william Blake said that without contraries there is no progression: How is this brought out by songs of Innocence and songs of experience?
2013 Annual

Q; how do the songs of Innocence and songs of experience express william Blake's mental fight to build jerusalem in England's green and pleasant land?
2013 supply

Q; with close reference to william Blake songs of experience describe the moral structure he desires in the English society.

2014 annual

Q; how do William Blake songs of Innocence form a compliment to his songs of experience?
2014 supply

Q; in what ways do William Blake of experience form a companion body to his songs of Innocence?
2015 annual

Q; william Blake songs of experience express deep moral and social concerns. Answer in the light of his songs of Innocence.
2015 supply

Q; how are the perceptions of the child and the adult presented in songs of Innocence and experience.
2016 annual

Q: What value does Blake attach to experience in his songs of experience?
2016 supply

Q: How is the title songs of experience capable of more than 1 interpretation?
2017 annual

.Q. Examine the presentation of contraries in the poetry of Blake ?

2018Examine the presentation of contraries in the poetry of Blake ?

2018

Q.Comment the image employed in songs of innocence? 2019

2018supply 
Q. Comment on the images employed in the songs of Innocence 

2019supply 

Q. In what ways the songs of Innocence is a prequel to songs of Experience.

SOLVED PAST PAPERS PU, UOS , GCUF IN HINDI/URDU

SOLVED PAST PAPERS PU, UOS , GCUF IN HINDI/URDU

The Faerie Queen: Edmund Spencer - #Summary_and

The Faerie Queen: Edmund Spencer - #Summary_and

#Critical_Analysis

Spencer was a celebrant of English nationality, empire and royalty. The Faerie Queen is at one level a tribute to his patron queen and the Earl of Leicester as well as a praise of the brave knights, and faithful citizens of England. At times the poet appears to be a mere flatterer. He identifies Queen Elizabeth with mythical goddesses as an embodiment of all perfection and as a paragon of all virtues.

He calls her Gloriana or the empress of all nobleness; Belephoebe, or the princess of all sweetness and beauty; Marcella, or the lady of all compassion and grace; Britomart or the armed votary of all pure; Cynthia the poetess and Tranquil in leaning a queen who was a goddess heavenly bright/ Mirror of grace and majesty drive” (The invocation to Faerie & Queen). The eulogy is too much sometimes!

But the Faerie Queen is not only a flattery. Spenser was a Renaissance man, influenced by Renaissance new Platonism and humanism, a celebrator of Physical beauty, love, romance and adventure, though he was a profound idealist and analyst of good and evil. The Faerie Queen is basically a romance on its surface, a romance about love and adventure of “brave (British) knights and faithful ladies;” Fierce wares and faithful loves shall moralize my song” (stanza 1). It is in this sense a romantic epic full of adventures and marvels, dragons, witches, giants, battles, enchanted trees and castles. It has intricate plots, amazing episodes heroic characters, elaborate descriptions and so on. But due to the allegory suggested by names of character and places and historical, religious and mythical allusions, the epic also teaches moral lessons along with the delight of surface romance.

As Spenser stated in his letter to Sir Walter Raleigh, The Faerie Queen was also supposed to be a “courtesy book”. He intended to teach his learned reader and the people the virtues of a perfect gentleman through its moral, religious and politico-historical allegories behind, the delightful romantic story. He said.” The general end (purpose) of the entire book is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous discipline.” He planned to write twelve books; each one would be an adventure of a knight representing one moral virtue which he would prove by fighting against the evils in the course of the adventure. The first book, for example, narrates the romance, adventure of a British knight who represents ‘holiness’ on the moral level. Saint George the patron saint of England on the legendary level, and one of the qualities of the earl of Leicester (on the historical level). He could complete only six books narrating the adventure of six knights representing 1.Holiness, 2.Temperance, 3.Chastity 4.Friendship, 5.Justice, and 6.Courtesy. The other six are never mentioned, and Spenser didn’t write those planned books. All the twelve knights were supposed to represent the twelve qualities of a noble gentleman whose perfect example was the earl of Leicester. The fairy queen sends these knightly on different adventures as opportunities to prove their gentlemanliness and knightly qualities.

For The Faerie Queen, Spencer originated a nine line verse stanza, now known as the Spenserian stanza – the first eight lines are iambic pentameter, and the ninth, iambic hexameter, the rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. The melodious verse, combined with Spenser’s sensuous imagery and deliberate use of archaic language evocative of the medieval past (as in the earlier Shepherd's Calendar), serve not only to relieve the high moral seriousness of his theme but to create a complex panorama of great splendor. Spenser’s lush and expansive imagination and vigorous approach to the structure made him a powerful influence on John Milton and the romantic poets, including John Keats and Percy Bysshe Shelley.

Novel Past paper 2018 UOS

Novel Past paper 2018

Various Themes in the Poems of Seamus Heaney Seamus Heaney (1939-2013)

Various Themes in the Poems of Seamus Heaney

Seamus Heaney

                                                                                              (1939-2013)     

·     Loss of Childhood Innocence:

          Heaney’s first collection, “Death of a Naturalist”, concentrated primarily on his need to write about his childhood, and the loss of his childhood innocence as he steps into manhood. As in the poem Death of a Naturalist, he talks about that change of the child’s perspective, his world and its inhabitants. He destroys the balance of nature and fails to appreciate fully its beauty.

·        Desire to know the World:

          Heaney uses his poetry as a tool to understand and qualify his experiences, whether they are of nature, of his childhood, or of the events unfolding around him in Ireland. He uses analogies with buried objects, not in an attempt to appear erudite, but in order to better understand the events of the Troubles. In a time when reason and logic fail, when people are killed arbitrarily, simply because they belong to a different religion than the “right” one, a man of letters attempts to make sense of the world around him; and he chooses poetry as his medium.

·        History- The Major Theme:

          Seamus Heaney has written about historical events in several of his poems. Some, like “At a Potato Digging” and “Requiem for the Croppies” had an overtly historical theme, describing a specific event in Irish history. Others like “Funeral Rites”, “The Tollund Man” and “Viking Dublin: Trial Pieces” include some reference to Ireland’s past.

          At A Potato Digging, refers to the terrible famine in Ireland between 1945-8, when several thousand people died as a result of the failure of the potato crop, Ireland’s staple food. In his poem, he brings out the suffering of the people of Ireland, and effectively analogizes the present experience of the farmers with that of the 1800s. On one hand, the poem is a memorial to those who died in the famine, on the other it reminds the reader of the hardships the present-day farmers have to go through, and creates an image of them paying homage to the earth in an effort to appease her.

          In The Tollund Man for instance, he links the death of certain youth to the sacrificial killings in Jutland. In North, he looks to the Viking past of Ireland to resolve the conflict with himself, and reconcile himself to the “troubles”.

          In Funeral Rites, he suggests that looking back into the pagan origins of the Irish past would yield permanent solutions to its problems of its troubled present.

          Requiem for the Croppies is a poem commemorating the Battle of Vinegar Hill 1978 and the rebels who died. Ho not only takes the reader through the emotions and thoughts of the narrator, one of the rebels, he also foretells the seeds in the pockets of the dead rebels as the germ of further revolutions in future years.

          Heaney writes history for the ordinary people of his country, so he uses language and imagery that they can identify with. He uses a ballad technique, which suit the themes and images that he is working with, images of the countryside. Heaney uses his poetry as a medium for bringing out the struggle and difficulties of farmers and peasants on a daily basis, also pays tribute to their achievement. He puts great reliance on the importance of past-history on understanding present events. In order to fully comprehend, and find a solution for, the troubles ailing Ireland, Heaney resort to the wisdom of the past, relying on objects unearthed from the bog to provide him with answers.

·           Heaney’s Symbolism:

          Heaney uses symbolic figures with the zeal of an archaeologist, elated as he uncovers each new explanation or theory, just as an archaeologist discovers objects to help him find new definitions for the past.

          The poet uses his figures, not to give a solution to the Irish conflict, but rather expression to the conflict within him. The figures of the past seem to empathize with him, giving words and feelings to what he cannot or does not express.

·        Heaney’s Art of Writing:

          Many of Heaney’s poems discuss the art of writing. In his first volume, “Death of a Naturalist”, he discusses the theme extensively in poems like Digging and Personal Helicon.

          In Digging, Heaney attempts to reconcile his farming background with his desire to write, and describes his choice to tool as powerful a weapon as any, “as snug as gun”. He determines to use this tool to search for ideas and explore his roots. Digging is often compared in theme and approach to Ted Hughes’ poem Thought-Fox, which explores the craft or writing, from a blank page to the finished piece. Personal Helicon makes the reader aware that the poet is only just ready to leap into the experience of writing and exploring, and that he has a long way to go. His one sense of comfort is the sense of unity and identity he spreads to his fellow Catholics through the medium of his poetry, and possibly one of his greater contributions as a poet as well.

·        Attention to Detail:

          Past of the reason why Heaney’s poetry touches the chord of with so any people, is his close attention to detail in his descriptive poems, he paints a convincing portrait depicting in minute detail the daily lives and surroundings of his subject.

          Like a photographer, he zooms in on his subjects capturing the details of their worlds or their surroundings. In “A Constable Calls”, he describes in details the policeman’s bicycle his cap and even the sweet stain on his forehead. In his manner, the reader feels as if he is watching visual rather than reading a poem and the impact of his poem is therefore that much stronger.

Bingley_Jane_relationship_in_Pride_and_Prejudice

Bingley_Jane_relationship_in_Pride_and_Prejudice

Mutual Attraction between Mr. Bingley and Jane
Mr. Bingley and Miss Jane Bennet happen to meet each other at an assembly which is held near the town of Meryton in Hartfordshire after Mr. Bingley has settled down at Netherfield Park. Mr. Bingley attends this assembly in the company of his friend Mr. Darcy and his sisters, Miss Bingley and Mrs. Hurst.
Mi. Bingley is greatly struck by the beauty of Jane who is the prettiest of all the girls who are attending the assembly. Mr. Bingley tells his friend Mr. Darcy that Jane is the most beautiful creature he has ever beheld. Mr. Bingley dances with Jane twice; and this fact is observed with great interest by everybody present. Not only does Jane herself feel much gratified by the honour which Mr. Bingley has done to her by dancing twice with her, but Jane’s mother, Mrs. Bennet, also feels immensely pleased. On returning home, Mrs. Bennet reports to her husband that she felt delighted to have met Mr. Bingley, and that Mr. Bingley had thought Jane to be quite beautiful and had therefore danced with her twice. At home, Jane tells her sister Elizabeth that Mr. Bingley is just what a young man should be. She says that Mr. Bingley is sensible, good-humoured, and lively, and that she had never before seen such happy manners, so much ease, and such perfect good breeding in any man. Thus the attraction between Jane and Mr. Bingley is mutual.

Jane’s Illness and her Week-Long Stay
at Netherfield Park
After a few days, Jane receives an invitation from Miss Bingley’s sisters to come to Netherfield Park and dine with them. The Bennet family regards this invitation as a great honour. Jane duly goes to Netherfield Parkand has to spend the night there because it has been raining and because she cannot return home. In fact, Jane has to stay on at Netherfield Park for about a week because she has caught a cold and developed a fever, and is advised by the doctor to take complete rest. During this period, when Elizabeth also joins her at Netherfield Park, Jane is nursed by Mr. Bingley’s sisters with great care and affection. In this way the intimacy between Jane and Mr. Bingley’s two sisters develops into friendship. Mr. Bingley too now becomes much more interested in Jane than he was before.
Mr. Bingley, Expected to Propose Marriage to Jane
The next stage in the development of the relationship between Jane and Mr. Bingley is a ball which Mr. Bingley holds at Netherfield Park and to which Jane, among others, has been invited. Everybody now begins to think that Mr. Bingley would propose marriage to Jane and that she would surely accept him. Mrs. Bennet begins to talk freely about the prospect of Mr. Bingley marrying Jane. In fact, Mrs. Bennet talks so copiously on this subject that Elizabeth feels rather upset by her mother’s indiscreet and undignified manner of talking on this subject. However, there is little doubt even in Elizabeth‘s mind that Mr. Bingley would soon propose marriage to Jane.
A Setback to Jane’s Hope
Contrary to the expectations, the Bingley-Jane affair now receives a setback. Mr. Bingley goes to London on some business, and he is then followed by all the other inmates of Netherfield Park. Miss Bingley writes a letter to Jane from London, informing her of the sudden departure of the whole family, and informing her further that the family would not return to Netherfield Park throughout the coming winter. This letter from Miss Bingley comes as a big shock to Jane who had been hoping that Mr. Bingley would soon propose marriage to her. Elizabeth had been sharing this hope of Jane’s, and Mrs. Bennet had been feeling certain in this respect. Miss Bingley’s letter contains also a hint that Mr. Bingley might in due course marry Mr. Darcy’s sister, Georgiana.   However, Elizabeth thinks that it is Miss Bingley, supported by her sister Mrs. Hurst, who wants Mr. Bingley to marry Mr. Darcy’s sister, Georgiana. In other words, Elizabeth is of the view that, left to himself, Mr. Bingley would certainly propose marriage to Jane but that Mr. Bingley’s two sisters would do their utmost to press Mr. Bingley to propose marriage to Mr. Darcy’s sister. In any case, Jane no longer entertains any hope that Mr. Bingley would marry her. She tries to adjust herself to the changed situation.
The Suspense and Anxiety of the Bennet Family
Days pass without bringing any further news of Mr. Bingley to the Bennet family. Now even Elizabeth begins to fear that Mr. Bingley’s sisters would prove successful in keeping Mr. Bingley away from Netherfield Park. As for Jane, her anxiety, in this state of suspense, is most painful to her. Mrs. Bennet feels most wretched at the turn which events have taken. Jane tries her utmost to subdue her feelings of disappointment and dismay. She assures Elizabeth that she would get over this disappointment. She says that Mr. Bingley would always remain in her memory as the most amiable man of her acquaintance but that she would no longer entertain any hope of getting married to him.
Jane in London; No Meeting with Mr. Bingley
Jane now goes to London to stay with her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, who are living in Gracechurch Street. It is in London that Mr. Bingley and his sisters are staying at this time. They live in Grosvenor Street. Miss Bingley calls on Jane; and Jane in return calls on Miss Bingley. But there is no meeting between Jane and Mr. Bingley. Nor does Jane have any hope that she would be able to meet Mr. Bingley. And yet Elizabeth hopes against hope that Miss Bingley would not ultimately succeed in keeping her brother away from Jane. In spite of the fact that Mr. Bingley is in London at this time, no meeting between him and Jane takes place. In fact, as we learn later in the novel, Mr. Bingley does not even know that Jane is at this time staying in London with her uncle and aunt.
Jane’s Despondency

When Elizabeth, on her way from Longbourn to Hunsford, stops with Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner in London for a night, she learns from Mrs. Gardiner that Jane has been struggling to keep herself cheerful but that there have been periods of dejection for her. Of course, the reason for Jane’s fits of dejection is that she has not been able to meet Mr. Bingley, and that even Miss Bingley has not shown much enthusiasm for her. Later, when Elizabeth happens to meet Mr. Darcy at Hunsford, she asks him if he had met Jane, who had been staying in London for the last three months or so; and he replies, in a confused way, that he had not been so fortunate as to meet Miss Bennet (that is, Jane).
Mr. Bingley, Prevented By Mr. Darcy
from Marrying Jane

We now learn the true reason why Mr. Bingley had made no efforts to meet Jane after leaving Netherfield Park. The reason was that his friend Mr. Darcy had begun to feel that Jane would not suit Mr. Bingley as his wife. Mr. Darcy had formed an impression that Jane was not as much in love with Mr. Bingley as Mr. Bingley was in love with her. Therefore, he, supported by both Mr. Bingley’s sisters, had prevailed upon Mr. Bingley to give up his intention to propose marriage to Jane. Thus it was the influence of Mr. Darcy upon Mr. Bingley, which had led to the termination of the relationship between Jane and Mr. Bingley.   This is the information which Elizabeth gets from Colonel Fitzwilliam’s casual talk at Hunsford.
Mr. Darcy’s Negative Role, Admitted by Him
When Mr. Darcy proposes marriage to Elizabeth, Elizabeth bluntly rejects this proposal and tells him that one of her reasons for rejecting his proposal is that he had prevented his friend Mr. Bingley from marrying her sister Jane and had thus destroyed the happiness of a girl who was most noble-minded and kind-hearted. Mr. Darcy, in his letter to Elizabeth, admits the charge and explains why he had obstructed Mr. Bingley’s marriage with Jane. He says that he had genuinely been under the impression that Jane was not really in love with Mr. Bingley, and that he had therefore urged Mr. Bingley to give up his intention to marry her. He regrets the negative role which he had played in this affair. Jane now returns to Longbourn from London where she has spent several months with Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner. Elizabeth too returns to Longbourn after her stay at Hunsford. However, Elizabeth does not tell Jane why Mr. Bingley had given up his intention to marry her (Jane).
A Renewal of Hope; and the Fulfilment of the Hope
Then a new development takes place. Mr. Bingley returns to Netherfield Park and pays a visit to the Bennet family in the company of Mr. Darcy, thus renewing his contact with this family. Mrs. Bennet does not attach much importance to this visit by Mr. Bingley because she has ceased to hope that Mr. Bingley would marry Jane. But Mr. Bingley, in paying this visit, has a specific purpose in his mind. Even Jane, who finds Mr. Bingley’s talk very agreeable and pleasing, does not have any hope that he would propose marriage to her. But a few days later Mr. Bingley again calls at Longbourn, this time quite alone. He spends an hour or so with the Bennet family and seems to be enjoying his conversation with them. Mrs. Bennet invites him to dine at her house on the following day, and he gladly accepts this invitation. On the following day, he duly calls at Longbourn. Elizabeth gets the feeling that these visits by Mr. Bingley clearly show that he would soon be proposing marriage to Jane. And Elizabeth proves to be quite right in her conjecture. Mr. Bingley finds an opportunity to have a conversation with Jane alone; and, in the course of this conversation, Mr. Bingley does propose marriage to her. Jane’s happiness knows no bound. Immediately afterwards she informs Elizabeth of her having got engaged to Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth feels overjoyed to know that her hope had not proved to be false. Jane then hastens to go to her mother to inform her of the happy event. Elizabeth honestly and heartily expresses her delight to Mr. Bingley at his proposal of marriage to Jane, and she shakes hands with her would-be brother-in-law with great cordiality. On coming to know of this development, every member of the Bennet family feels delighted. In due course, Mr. Bingley gets married to Jane; and the marriage takes place on the same day on which Mr. Darcy marries Elizabeth. Mr. Bennet’s happiness is also immense. He offers his congratulations to Jane, and says that she would really be happy in her married life. It becomes evident to us that Mr. Darcy must have spoken to. Mr. Bingley and told him that he had been mistaken in thinking that Jane was not as deeply in love with him (Mr. Bingley) as he (Mr. Bingley) had been in love with her. Thus Mr. Darcy plays a positive role just as previously he had played a negative role in the Bingley-Jane love-affair.

TED HUGHES PAST PAPER DISCUSSION URDU/HINDI

Why Jonathan Swift wanted to ‘vex the world’ with Gulliver’s Travels

Why Jonathan Swift wanted to ‘vex the world’ with Gulliver’s Travels?

Pick up Gulliver’s Travels expecting a children’s book or a novel and you will be unpleasantly surprised. Originally published as “Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts … By Lemuel Gulliver, first a Surgeon, and then a Captain of several Ships”, it is one of the great satires in world literature.

Jonathan Swift by Francis Bindon. Swift is pointing to Part IV of the Travels, Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms. Note the horses in the background. Wikimedia
First published in London in 1726, the Travels was a sensational bestseller and immediately recognised as a literary classic. The author of the pseudonymous Travels was the Church-of-Ireland Dean of St. Patrick’s in Dublin, Jonathan Swift. Swift wrote that his satiric project in the Travels was built upon a “great foundation of Misanthropy” and that his intention was “to vex the world”, not entertain it.

The work’s inventive narrative, exuberant fantasy (little people, giants, a flying island, spirits of the dead, senile immortals, talking horses and odious humanoids), and hilarious humour certainly made the work entertaining. In its abridged and reader-friendly form, sanitised of sarcasm and black humour, Gulliver’s Travels has become a children’s classic. In its unabridged form, however, it still has the power to vex readers.

What’s it all about?

In Part 1 of this four-part satire, Gulliver is shipwrecked among the tiny Lilliputians. He finds a society that has fallen into corruption from admirable original institutions through “the degenerate Nature of Man”. Lilliput is a satiric diminution of Gulliver’s Britain in its corrupt court, contemptible party politics, and absurd wars.

In Part II Gulliver is abandoned in Brobdingnag, a land of giants. The scale is now reversed. Gulliver is a Lilliputian among giants, displayed as a freak of nature and kept as a pet. Gulliver’s account of his country and its history to the King of Brobdingnag leads the wise giant to denounce Gulliver’s countrymen and women as “the most pernicious Race of little odious Vermin that Nature ever suffered to crawl upon the Surface of the Earth”.

In Part III Gulliver is the victim of piracy and cast away. He is taken up to the flying island of Laputa. Its monarch and court are literally aloof from the people it rules on the continent below, and absorbed in pure science and abstraction.

Technological changes originating in this volatile “Airy Region” result in the economic ruin of the people below and of traditional ways of life. The satire recommends the example of the disaffected Lord Munodi, who is “not of an enterprising Spirit”, and is “content to go on in the old Forms” and live “without Innovation”. Part III is episodic and miscellaneous in character as Swift satirises various intellectual follies and corruptions. It offers a mortifying image of human degeneration in the immortal Struldbruggs. Gulliver’s desire for long life abates after he witnesses the endless decrepitude of these people.

Part IV is a disturbing fable. After a conspiracy of his crew against him, Gulliver is abandoned on an island inhabited by rational civilised horses, the Houyhnhnms, and unruly brutal humanoids, the Yahoos. Gulliver and humankind are identified with the Yahoos. The horses debate “Whether the Yahoos should be exterminated from the Face of the Earth”. As in the story of the flood in the Bible, the Yahoos deserve their fate.

The horses, on the other hand, are the satire’s ideal of a rational society. Houyhnhnmland is a caste society practicing eugenics. Swift’s equine utopians have a flourishing oral culture but there are no books. There is education of both sexes. They have no money and little technology (they do not have the wheel). They are authoritarian (there is no dissent or difference of opinion). The Houyhnhnms are pacifist, communistic, agrarian and self-sufficient, civil, vegetarian and nudist. They are austere but do have passions. They hate the Yahoos.

Convinced that he has found the enlightened good life, free of all the human turpitude recorded in the Travels, Gulliver becomes a Houyhnhnm acolyte and proselyte. But this utopian place is emphatically not for humans. Gulliver is deported as an alien Yahoo and a security risk.

Wearing clothes and sailing in a canoe made from the skins of the humanoid Yahoos, Gulliver arrives in Western Australia, where he is attacked by Aboriginal people and eventually, unwillingly, rescued and returned home to live, alienated, among English Yahoos. (Swift’s knowledge of the Aboriginal people derives from the voyager William Dampier, whom Gulliver claimed was his “Cousin”.)

Politics and misanthropy

When it was published, the Travels’ uncompromising, misanthropic satiric anatomy of the human condition seemed to border on blasphemy. The political satire was scandalous, venting what Swift called his “principle of hatred to all succeeding Measures and Ministryes” in Britain and Ireland since the collapse, in 1714, of Queen Anne’s Tory government, which he had served as propagandist.

In its politics the work is pacifist, condemns “Party and Faction” in the body politic, and denounces colonialism as plunder, lust, enslavement, and murder on a global scale. It satirises monarchical despotism yet displays little faith in parliaments. In Part III we get a short view of a representative modern parliament: “a Knot of Pedlars, Pickpockets, Highwaymen and Bullies”.

Gulliver’s Travels belongs to a tradition of satiric and utopian imaginary voyages that includes works by Lucian, Rabelais, and Thomas More. Swift hijacked the form of the popular contemporary voyage book as the vehicle for his satire, though the work combines genres, containing utopian and dystopian fiction, satire, history, science fiction, dialogues of the dead, fable, as well as parody of the travel book and the Robinson Crusoe-style novel.

It’s not a book to be judged by its cover. The frontispiece, title page and table of contents of the original edition gave no hint that this was not a genuine travel account. Swift and his friends reported stories of gullible readers who took this hoax travel book for the real thing.

It is also not reader friendly. The revised 1735 edition of the Travels opens with a disturbing letter from Gulliver in which the reader is arraigned by an irate and misanthropic author convinced that the “human Species” is too depraved to be saved, as evidenced by the fact that his book has had no reforming effect on the world. The book ends with Gulliver, a proud, ranting recluse, preferring his horses to humans, and warning any English Yahoos with the vice of pride not to “presume to appear in my Sight”.

Readers might dismiss the unbalanced Gulliver, but he is only saying what Swift’s uncompromising satire insists is the truth about humankind.

In many ways Jonathan Swift is remote from us, but his satire still matters, and Gulliver’s Travels continues to vex and entertain today.

Past papers of John Keats 2012 -2019 suuply

Past papers of John Keats 2012 -2019supply

Q; Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on  a GRecian Urn' are poems about art . Explain . ( keats; Odes)
2012 annual

Q; The grecian URN is a call for balance in poetry. Discuss .
2012 supply

Q; Discuss the thematic tension in dejection. An Ode by Keats .
2013 Annual

Q; How does the dramatic spirit Express itself in the odes by john Keats.
2013 Annual

Q; Keats Odes reflect his contrarian vision: The poem shows the poet trying to resolve the conflict between happiness and melancholy , flux and stasis, art and life, life and death with a brilliant and artistic force.
2013 supply

Q; How far does the imagery in the ode to a Nightingale compliment it's thematic concerns?
2014 annual

Q; comment on the structure of dejection : An ode .
2014 supply

Q; how far may Ode to Autumn be read as recognition of harmony in the natural world?
2015 annual

Q; Discuss the thematic and stylistic concerns in dejection  an ode .
2015 supply

Q; comment on balance and symmetry in ode on a grecian Urn .
2015 supply

Q; how does the structure of hyperion book 1 support its themes?
2016 annual

Q; comment on the structure and argument in dejection. An Ode .
2016 supply

Q: How does Keats Desire and fulfillment? Answer with reference to any two of his odes.
2016 supply

Q; how does the imagery in Hyperion book 1 support it's theme?
2017 annual


(2018 annual)
Q.Comment on the role of nature in the odes by Keats .

(2018supply)
Q.discuss the treatment of desire and fulfillment  in any two odes by Keats

(2019 annual).
Q.how does ode to nightingale delineate the journey of the speaker desires .

(2019 supply).
Q. Comment on the role of nature in Odes by Keats. 2019 supply

(2020 annual).

As a poet of nature ,  Keats employs profound imagery in poetry.  Analyze various images and their implications in any 3 of his poems.

(2021 annual).

 Discuss romanticism in context of Keats poetry

Critical analysis of “Casting And Gathering” by Seamus Heaney

Critical analysis of “Casting And Gathering” by Seamus Heaney
Introduction
Poem is dedicated to Ted Hughes who is a fisher man and friend of Seamus Heaney.

Definition of the title
CASTING
Casting means throwing/ put a side. It also refers to right hand side political party “ The Capitalists” their motto was “individual is everything”.

GATHERING
Gathering means to collect/ harvest. It also refers to left hand side political party “ The Socialists” their motto was “individual belong to society”.

Political purposes
This poem shows the conflict between two political parties Capitalists and Socialists. The purpose of both the parties is same as the well being of humanity. Seamus Heaney used the words Hush and lush means fear of war and hope of progress. Due to the conflict between two parties peoples feels the fear of war and have the hope of progress. Seamus Heaney Writes that They can compromise on their action or to make their commitment better they escape for the time being and makes new strategies.

Push and pull effect
According to Andrew Boobier that two people ( The poet and his friend Ted Hughes a fisher man) have different natures, contrary impulses yet be united in common bond of mutuality and respect for each other as fisherman and poet.

Didactic purpose
Respect the differences of each other.

Style
This poem is consist of five stanzas of four line and one opening line. There is no rhyme scheme. Each line of about ten syllables (not strictly follow). It is written in blank verse and simple language is used

Past papers of Ted Hughes 2012-2018/supply

Past papers of Ted Hughes 2012-2018/supply

Q; Artist observation is a common theme between hughes poems chaucer full moon and little Frieda , explore.
2012 annual

Q; focus and sustained observation is a running concern in the poetry of Ted Hughes. Comment.
2012 Supply

Discuss thought fix and that morning as a journey to fulfilment

  (2013 annual)

Q; comment on the energy and movement in the poetry of Hughes.
2013 supply

Q; Hoe does Hughes participate as an observer in Chaucer and Full moon and little Frieda ?
2014 supply

Q; Discuss the relationship between 'the artist' and the 'work of art' in the poetry of Ted Hughes ۔
2015 annual .

Q; Comment on the function of imagery used in The Thought Fox by Ted Hughes .
2015 supply.

Q; How does Hughes use animals in his verse ? answer with detailed textual reference .
2016 annual

Q; What are some of the features that are shared amongst the animals presented in the poetry of Hughes ?
2016 supply .

Q; Discuss the concept of purposeful movement in the poems of Ted Hughes .
2017 annual .
Q.Comment any structure of the two poems by hughes ?that u have read 

2017 supply paper

Q.Comment on animal energy and power in any two poems by HUGES 

(2018 annual)

Q.What are some features that are shared amongst the animals in the poem of ted hughes?

(2018 supply)

2019
Q. Compare and contrast the position of the speaker in Thought Fox and That Morning.

2019supply 

Q. Discuss Though Fox and That Morning as poems about creativity.