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Tuesday, 11 September 2018

Various Themes in the Poems of Seamus Heaney Seamus Heaney (1939-2013)

·     Loss of Childhood Innocence:
          Heaney’s first collection, “Death of a Naturalist”, concentrated primarily on his need to write about his childhood, and the loss of his childhood innocence as he steps into manhood. As in the poem Death of a Naturalist, he talks about that change of the child’s perspective, his world and its inhabitants. He destroys the balance of nature and fails to appreciate fully its beauty.
·        Desire to know the World:
          Heaney uses his poetry as a tool to understand and qualify his experiences, whether they are of nature, of his childhood, or of the events unfolding around him in Ireland. He uses analogies with buried objects, not in an attempt to appear erudite, but in order to better understand the events of the Troubles. In a time when reason and logic fail, when people are killed arbitrarily, simply because they belong to a different religion than the “right” one, a man of letters attempts to make sense of the world around him; and he chooses poetry as his medium.
·        History- The Major Theme:
          Seamus Heaney has written about historical events in several of his poems. Some, like “At a Potato Digging” and “Requiem for the Croppies” had an overtly historical theme, describing a specific event in Irish history. Others like “Funeral Rites”, “The Tollund Man” and “Viking Dublin: Trial Pieces” include some reference to Ireland’s past.
          At A Potato Digging, refers to the terrible famine in Ireland between 1945-8, when several thousand people died as a result of the failure of the potato crop, Ireland’s staple food. In his poem, he brings out the suffering of the people of Ireland, and effectively analogizes the present experience of the farmers with that of the 1800s. On one hand, the poem is a memorial to those who died in the famine, on the other it reminds the reader of the hardships the present-day farmers have to go through, and creates an image of them paying homage to the earth in an effort to appease her.
          In The Tollund Man for instance, he links the death of certain youth to the sacrificial killings in Jutland. In North, he looks to the Viking past of Ireland to resolve the conflict with himself, and reconcile himself to the “troubles”.
          In Funeral Rites, he suggests that looking back into the pagan origins of the Irish past would yield permanent solutions to its problems of its troubled present.
          Requiem for the Croppies is a poem commemorating the Battle of Vinegar Hill 1978 and the rebels who died. Ho not only takes the reader through the emotions and thoughts of the narrator, one of the rebels, he also foretells the seeds in the pockets of the dead rebels as the germ of further revolutions in future years.
          Heaney writes history for the ordinary people of his country, so he uses language and imagery that they can identify with. He uses a ballad technique, which suit the themes and images that he is working with, images of the countryside. Heaney uses his poetry as a medium for bringing out the struggle and difficulties of farmers and peasants on a daily basis, also pays tribute to their achievement. He puts great reliance on the importance of past-history on understanding present events. In order to fully comprehend, and find a solution for, the troubles ailing Ireland, Heaney resort to the wisdom of the past, relying on objects unearthed from the bog to provide him with answers.
·           Heaney’s Symbolism:
          Heaney uses symbolic figures with the zeal of an archaeologist, elated as he uncovers each new explanation or theory, just as an archaeologist discovers objects to help him find new definitions for the past.
          The poet uses his figures, not to give a solution to the Irish conflict, but rather expression to the conflict within him. The figures of the past seem to empathize with him, giving words and feelings to what he cannot or does not express.
·        Heaney’s Art of Writing:
          Many of Heaney’s poems discuss the art of writing. In his first volume, “Death of a Naturalist”, he discusses the theme extensively in poems like Digging and Personal Helicon.
          In Digging, Heaney attempts to reconcile his farming background with his desire to write, and describes his choice to tool as powerful a weapon as any, “as snug as gun”. He determines to use this tool to search for ideas and explore his roots. Digging is often compared in theme and approach to Ted Hughes’ poem Thought-Fox, which explores the craft or writing, from a blank page to the finished piece. Personal Helicon makes the reader aware that the poet is only just ready to leap into the experience of writing and exploring, and that he has a long way to go. His one sense of comfort is the sense of unity and identity he spreads to his fellow Catholics through the medium of his poetry, and possibly one of his greater contributions as a poet as well.
·        Attention to Detail:
          Past of the reason why Heaney’s poetry touches the chord of with so any people, is his close attention to detail in his descriptive poems, he paints a convincing portrait depicting in minute detail the daily lives and surroundings of his subject.
          Like a photographer, he zooms in on his subjects capturing the details of their worlds or their surroundings. In “A Constable Calls”, he describes in details the policeman’s bicycle his cap and even the sweet stain on his forehead. In his manner, the reader feels as if he is watching visual rather than reading a poem and the impact of his poem is therefore that much stronger.

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