The Tempest

The Tempest
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The Tempest , drama in five acts(act 1–scene i, Scene ii, act 2–scene i, scene ii, act 3–scene i, scene ii, scene iii, act 4–scene i, act 5–scene i) by William Shakespeare, thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone. The play contains music and songs that evoke the spirit of enchantment on the island. It explores many themes including magic, betrayal, revenge, and family. In act four, a wedding masque serves as a play-within-the play, and contributes spectacle, allegory, and elevated language. Like The Comedy of Errors, The Tempest roughly adheres to the unities of time, place, and action.

The Tempest was first written between 1610-1611 and performed about 1611. The Tempest first appeared in print in 1623 in the collection of thirty-six of Shakespeare’s plays titled Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies; Published according to the True and Original Copies, which is known as the First Folio.

#Characters
•Prospero – The rightful Duke of Milan, though his kingdom and title were usurped by his brother Antonio.
•Miranda – daughter to Prospero.
•Ariel – A spirit of the island, over whom Prospero becomes master after ousting Sycorax.
•Caliban – a savage and deformed slave.
•Alonso – Alonso is the King of Naples. An enemy of Prospero’s, he accepted Antonio’s proposition to help the latter usurp Prospero’s throne in return for Antonio’s swearing Milan’s fealty to Naples.
•Sebastian – Alonso's brother.
•Antonio – Antonio is Prospero’s brother. He usurped the throne of Milan from his brother with Alonso’s help, willingly abandoning the sovereignty of the Dukedom to Naples.
•Ferdinand – Alonso's son, and heir to the kingdom of Naples.
•Gonzalo – an honest old councillor.
•Adrian – a lord serving under Alonso.
•Francisco – a lord serving under Alonso.
•Trinculo – the King's jester.
•Stephano – the King's drunken butler.
•Juno – the chief Roman goddess.
•Ceres – Roman goddess of agriculture.
•Iris – Greek goddess of the sea and sky.
•Master – master of the ship.
•Mariners
•Boatswain – servant of the master.
•Nymphs, Reapers

#Themes
=>Usurpation
=>Imprisonment and Freedom
=>Forgiveness and Reconciliation
=>The Charm of Colonialism
=>Illusion and magic
=>The difficulty of distinguishing Man from Monster
=>Good and humanity
=>Master/servant relationships

#Summary
Prospero uses magic to conjure a storm and torment the survivors of a shipwreck, including the King of Naples and Prospero’s treacherous brother, Antonio. Prospero’s slave, Caliban, plots to rid himself of his master, but is thwarted by Prospero’s spirit-servant Ariel. The King’s young son Ferdinand, thought to be dead, falls in love with Prospero’s daughter Miranda. Their celebrations are cut short when Prospero confronts his brother and reveals his identity as the usurped Duke of Milan. The families are reunited and all conflict is resolved. Prospero grants Ariel his freedom and prepares to leave the island.

In act 1, close to a Mediterranean island, a storm overcomes a ship that carries King Alonso of Naples, his son Ferdinand, and his brother Sebastian. They were on their way home home from Tunis to Italy when the storm hit and demolished their ship. Shipwrecked with them are the courtier, Gonzalo, and the Duke of Milan, Antonio.
From the island, Prospero, the former Duke of Milan, and his fifteen year-old daughter, Miranda, watch the storm and shipwreck. Miranda fears for the ship's crew, but Prospero assures her that everything is fine. He decides to open up about his past, telling her how twelve years previously, his brother Antonio had deposed him in a coup. With the aid of Gonzalo, Prospero had escaped in a boat with the infant Miranda and his books of magic. They travelled to the island, made it their home, and enslaved the only native islander, Caliban. The only other inhabitants of the island are the spirits including Ariel, whom Prospero had rescued from imprisonment in a tree. Since Antonio was on the boat that is now shipwrecked, Prospero hopes finally to rectify his past. As Miranda sleeps, Prospero discusses his role in the shipwreck with Ariel. They plot about what to do with the men now that they are on the shore.
The courtiers from the ship are cast ashore unharmed. But the King is near despair, believing that Ferdinand, his son, drowned. Ferdinand has actually arrived safely on a different part of the island where he meets Miranda and they instantly fall in love. Prospero, fearing for his daughter, captures Ferdinand and forces him to carry wood. In the meantime, Ariel seeks his freedom. Prospero promises that he will liberate Ariel from servitude following the completion of just a few more tasks.
In act 2, Ariel uses music to lead the courtiers astray, while Sebastian and Antonio plot to kill the King while he is asleep. Their attempt is foiled by Ariel. All the people from the ship become ever more confused as they wander around. In another part of the island, the timid court fool, Trinculo, has come ashore and discovered Caliban. Trinculo hides beside Caliban from an approaching storm, and the ship's butler, Stephano finds them.
In act 3-4, Stephano, Caliban, and Trinculo, at Caliban's suggestion, intend to kill Prospero and make Stephano lord of the island. They get very drunk before setting off to the cell to kill Prospero. Ariel, who saw the whole thing in his invisible state, reports this wicked plot to his master. Meanwhile, Prospero has relented and gives his blessing for Ferdinand and Miranda's marriage. Then he entertains them with a masque of goddesses and dancing reapers before he remembers Caliban's plots.
Prospero and Ariel then set a trap for the three plotters. Stephano and Trinculo fall for the plot and become distracted by gaudy clothes hung out for them. After they touch the clothing, they are chased away by spirits disguised as dogs.
In act 5, Ariel brings all the courtiers to the cell where Prospero, renouncing his magic, reveals himself. Instead of enacting his revenge, he forgives them and accepts the return of his dukedom. Ferdinand and Miranda are betrothed. Sailors come to announce that the ship is safe. Prospero fulfils his promise and frees Ariel while Caliban and the drunken servants are rebuked. The play ends as all go to celebrate their reunions, and Prospero asks the audience to release him from the play.

#Quotes
¶Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows.—(Act II, Scene II)
¶We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life, is rounded with a sleep.—(Act IV, Scene I)
¶Where the bee sucks, there suck I - In a cowslip's bell I lie.—(Act V, Scene I)
¶O, brave new world that has such people in't!—(Act V, Scene I)
¶Let your indulgence set me free.—(Act 5, Epilogue)