Criticism

Criticism

Catharsis.
A Catharsis is an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or spiritual renewal or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress. Catharsis is a Greek word and it means cleansing.  In literature it is used for the cleansing of emotions of the characters.

Turgidity:
In Literature it means , use the language in such a way that is complicated and difficult to understand.

Pantheism
Pantheism is the belief that all reality is identical with divinity, or that everything composes an all-encompassing, immanent god.Pantheists do not believe in a distinct personal or anthropomorphic god and hold a broad range of doctrines differing with regards to the forms of and relationships between divinity and reality.
OR
the doctrine that God is the transcendent reality of which the material universe and human beings are only manifestations: it involves a denial of God's personality and expresses a tendency to identify God and nature.

Pastoral Poem
Pastoral Poem is that which  portrays or evokes rural life, usually in an idealized way.

Ethos
Ethos is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.

Pathos
Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response.

Logos
Logos is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason.

Melos
A Greek island in the Aegean Sea, in the south-west of the Cyclades group. It was the centre of a flourishing civilization in the Bronze Age and is the site of the discovery in 1820 of a Hellenistic marble statue of Aphrodite, the Venus de Milo.
Greek name Mílos.

OR

an ancient Greek term meaning a tune, a melody, or a lyric poem intended for singing. In ancient Greek music theory “melos”meant the melodic basis of music. The teaching of harmonics and melopoeia was associated with melos.

Peripeteia
Peripeteia is a sudden change in a story which results in a negative reversal of circumstances. Peripeteia is also known as the turning point, the place in which the tragic protagonist’s fortune changes from good to bad. This literary device is meant to surprise the audience, but is also meant to follow as a result of a character’s previous actions or mistakes.

Eligiac Poem

Elegy is a form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased. It typically laments or mourns the death of the individual.

Medium of Imitation
In general, poetry imitates life through rhythm, language, and harmony. This is more pronounced in music or dance, but even verse poetry can accomplish imitation through language alone.

Object of Imitation

Art seeks to imitate men in action - hence the term 'drama' (dramitas, in Greek). In order to imitate men, art must either present man as 'better' than they are in life (i.e. of higher morals), as true to life, or as 'worse' than they are in life (i.e. of lower morals).

Mode of Imitation

A poet can imitate either through:

a. narration, in which he takes another personality (an omniscient 'I' watching the events 'like an observer')

b. speak in his own person, unchanged (the first-person 'I')

c. presents all his characters as living and moving before us (third-person narrator)

Hubris
Hubris is extreme pride and arrogance shown by a character that ultimately brings about his downfall.
Hubris is a typical flaw in the personality of a character who enjoys a powerful position; as a result of which, he overestimates his capabilities to such an extent that he loses contact with reality.

Savage Torpor
A state of mental or physical inactivity or insensibility is known as Savage Torpor.

Dignity of Composition
The fifth source of the sublime is the dignity of composition, that is, a dignified composition or the arrangement of words. It should be one that blends thought, emotion, figures, and words themselves—the preceding four elements of sublimity—into a harmonious whole. Such an arrangement has not only 'a natural power of persuasion and of giving pleasure but also the marvellous power of exalting the soul and swaying the heart of men."

unity of action:
a play should have one action that it follows, with minimal subplots.

unity of time:
the action in a play should occur over a period of no more than 24 hours.

unity of place:
a play should exist in a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place.

Tragi-comedy
Tragicomedy is a literary device used in fictional works. It contains both tragedy and comedy. Mostly, the characters in tragicomedy are exaggerated, and sometimes there might be a happy ending after a series of unfortunate events.

Lexis (Aristotle)
In philosophical discourse, lexis  is a complete group of words in a language, vocabulary, the total set of all words in a language, and all words that have meaning or a function in grammar.