How did Aristotle reply to Plato’s Objection?

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How did Aristotle
reply to Plato’s Objection?
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#Aristotle replied to the charges made
by his Guru #Plato against Poetry in
#particular and #art in general. He
replied to them one by one in defense
of poetry.
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1. #Plato says that art being the
imitation of the actual is removed
from truth. It only gives the likeness
of a thing in concrete, and the
likeness is always less than real. But
Plato fails to understand that art also
give something more which is absent
in the actual. The artist does not
simply reflect the real in the manner
of a mirror. Art is not slavish imitation
of reality. Literature is not the
photographic reproduction of life in all
its totality. It is the representation of
selected events and characters
necessary in a coherent action for the
realization of artist’s purpose. He
even exalts, idealizes and
imaginatively recreates a world which
has its own meaning and beauty.
These elements, present in art, are
absent in the raw and rough real.
R.A.Scott-James rightly observes:
“But though he (Poet) creates
something less than that reality, he
also creates something more. He puts
an idea into it. He put his perception
into it. He gives us his intuition of
certain distinctive and essential
qualities.”
This ‘more’, this intuition and
perception is the aim of the artist.
Artistic creation cannot be fairly
criticized on the ground that it is not
the creation in concrete terms of
things and beings. Thus considered it
does not take us away form the Truth,
but leads us to the essential reality of
life.
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2. #Plato again says that art is bad
because it does not #inspire #virtue,
does not teach #morality. But is
teaching the function of the art? Is it
the aim of the artist? The function of
art is to provide aesthetic delight,
communicate experience, express
emotions and represent life. It should
ever be confused with the function of
ethics which is simply to teach
morality. If an artist succeeds in
pleasing us in aesthetic sense, he is a
good artist. If he fails in doing so, he
is a bad artist. There is no other
criterion to judge his worth. R.A.Scott-
James observes: “Morality teaches.
Art does not attempt to teach. It
merely asserts it is thus or thus that
life is perceived to be. That is my bit
of reality, says the artist. Take it or
leave it – draw any lessons you like
from it – that is my account of things
as they are – if it has any value to
you as evidence or teaching, use it,
but that is not my business: I have
given you my rendering, my account,
my vision, my dream, my illusion –
call it what you will. If there is any
lesson in it, it is yours to draw, not
mine to preach.” Similarly, Plato’s
charge that needless lamentations
and ecstasies at the imaginary events
of sorrow and happiness encourages
weaker part of soul and numbs faculty
of reason. This charge is defended by
Aristotle in his Theory of Catharsis.
David Daiches summarizes Aristotle’s
views in reply to Plato’s charges in
brief: “Tragedy (Art) gives new
knowledge, yields aesthetic
satisfaction and produces a better
state of mind.”
3. #Plato judges poetry now from the
educational #standpoint, now from the
philosophical one and then from the
#ethical one. But he does not care to
consider it from its own unique
standpoint. He does not define its
aims. He forgets that every thing
should be #judged in terms of its own
aims and objective its own criteria of
merit and demerit. We cannot fairly
maintain that music is bad because it
does not paint, or that painting is bad
because it does not sing. Similarly,
we cannot say that poetry is bad
because it does not teach philosophy
of ethics. If poetry, philosophy and
ethics had identical function, how
could they be different subjects? To
denounce poetry because it is not
philosophy or ideal is clearly absurd.